Algebras defined by equations

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2020.01.029MaRDI QIDQ2174535zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marcel Jackson, Peter M. Higgins

Publication date 21 April 2020

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.13012

e-variety elementary class regular semigroup simultaneous equations

Equational classes, universal algebra in model theory (03C05) Equational logic, Mal'tsev conditions (08B05) Varieties and pseudovarieties of semigroups (20M07) Regular semigroups (20M17)

Abstract: We show that a class of algebras is closed under the taking of homomorphic images and direct products if and only if the class consists of all algebras that satisfy a set of (generally simultaneous) equations. For classes of regular semigroups in particular this allows an interpretation of a universal algebraic nature that is formulated entirely in terms of the associative binary operation of the semigroup, which serves as an alternative to the approach via so called e-varieties. In particular we prove that classes of Inverse semigroups, Orthodox semigroups, and

E

-solid semigroups are equational in our sense.

Review text

The authors begin by considering a number of well-known classes of semigroups that are closed under \(\mathrm{H}\) (homomorphic images) and \(\mathrm{P}\) (products) and then providing sets of simultaneous equations that define them. Examples include regular semigroups (\( axa = a\), more formally, \((\forall a)(\exists x): axa = a\)) and simple semigroups (\((\forall a, b)(\exists x, y): a = xby\)), but not bisimple semigroups. Denoting by \(\mathrm{E}\) closure under existential embeddings, they show that in general a class is the class of models of some equation systems if and only if it is closed under \(\mathrm{E}\), \(\mathrm{H}\) and \(\mathrm{P}\). They use this structure to provide equational descriptions of such classes of regular semigroups and compare it with the e-varieties of [\textit{T. E. Hall}, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 40, No. 1, 59--77 (1989; Zbl 0666.20028)]. Concrete sets of equations are provided for well-known classes such as inverse semigroups. Fiinally, they consider the problem of finding all the equations satisfied by a class defined by a given set of equations.

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