Thermal QED theory for bound states

DOI10.1016/J.AOP.2020.168128zbMATH Open1434.81146arXiv1905.13589OpenAlexW3010200408MaRDI QIDQ2175169FDOQ2175169

Authors: Dmitry A. Solovyev 

Publication date: 28 April 2020

Published in: Annals of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In present paper the Quantum Electrodynamics theory at finite temperatures for the bound states is presented. To describe the thermal effects arising in a heat bath the Hadamard form of thermal photon propagator is employed. This form permits the simple introduction of thermal gauges in a way similar to the 'ordinary' Feynman propagator and, therefore, the gauge invariance can be proved for all the considered effects. Moreover, contrary to the 'standard' form of thermal photon propagator, the Hadamard expression has a well defined analytical properties. However, this thermal photon propagator contains the divergent contribution which requires the introduction of regularization procedure within the framework of constructed theory. The method of regularization in conjunction with the physical interpretation is given in the paper. Correctness of regularization procedure is confirmed also by the gauge invariance of final results and coincidence of the results (on the example of self-energy correction) for two different forms of photon propagator. On the basis of constructed theory the thermal Coulomb potential and its asymptotics at the large distances are found. Finally, we discuss in details the thermal effects of lowest order in the fine structure constant and temperature. Such effects are presented by the thermal one-photon exchange between bound electron and nucleus, thermal one-loop self-energy, thermal vacuum polarization, recoil corrections and correction on the finite size of the nucleus. Introduction of the regularization allows us do not apply the renormalization procedure. To confirm this we describe also the thermal vertex (with one, two and three vertices) corrections within the adiabatic $S$-matrix formalism. Finally, the influence of thermal effects on the determination of proton radius and Rydberg constant is discussed in the paper.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13589

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zbMATH Keywords

hydrogen atomquantum electrodynamicsquantum electrodynamics correctionsfinite-temperature effectsmuonic hydrogen atomone-electron bound states at finite temperatures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Thermal quantum field theory (81T28) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10) Atomic physics (81V45)

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Cited In (7)

• Energy–momentum tensor in thermal strong-field QED with unstable vacuum
• Two-loop vacuum polarization in QED at finite temperature
• On the asymptotic behavior of effective QED at finite temperature
• Thermal relaxation of a QED cavity
• Schrödinger equation based analytic assessment of thermal properties of confined electrons under vector and scalar fields
• The bound states problem in quantum electrodynamics and vacuum polarization effects in muonic atoms
• ATOMIC RADIATIVE TRANSITIONS IN THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS

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