Diffusion and chaos in a bouncing ball model

DOI10.1007/S00033-020-01300-0MaRDI QIDQ2175348zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 29 April 2020

Published in ZAMP. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09921

bouncing ball breaking of invariant curves converse KAM theorem entropy Fermi-Ulam ping-pong

Dynamical aspects of twist maps (37E40) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37J46) Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, KAM theory (70H08) Transition to stochasticity (chaotic behavior) for nonlinear problems in mechanics (70K55)

Abstract: We consider the vertical motion of a free falling ball bouncing elastically on a racket moving in the vertical direction according to a regular periodic function

f

. We give a sufficient condition on the second derivative of

f

giving motions with arbitrarily large amplitude and chaotic dynamics in the sense of positive entropy. We get the results by breaking many invariant curves of the corresponding map using converse KAM techniques.

Review text

The author gives a sufficient condition on the periodic motion \(f\) of a vertically moving racket for the diffusion and chaos of the motion of free-falling ball experiencing elastic bounces on the racket. For the cylinder \({\mathbb A} = {\mathbb T}\times {\mathbb R}\), there exists an exact symplectic twist map \(\Psi:{\mathbb A}\to{\mathbb A}\) (called the Tennis Map) that tracks the free-falling ball from one elastic bounce to the next. A sequence \((t_n,v_n)_{n\in{\mathbb N}}\) in \({\mathbb A}\) with \(v_n\geq 0\) describes a motion of the bouncing ball. The main result is that if \(f\) is \(C^3({\mathbb T})\) and satisfies \[ m < - \frac{g}{1 + \sqrt{1 + \frac{g}{M}}}, \] where \(g\) is constant associated to the gravitational force, \(m = \min\ddot f\), and \(M = \max \ddot f\), then: (a) (diffusion) for every \(A>0\) there exists a bouncing motion \((t_n,v_n)_{n\in{\mathbb N}}\) such that \[ \sup_{n\in{\mathbb N}} v_n - \inf_{n\in{\mathbb N}} v_n > A, \] (b) (chaos) there exists many compact \(\Psi\)-invariant subsets of \({\mathbb A}\) on which \(\Psi\) has positive entropy. The proof of (a) makes use of a theorem of Birkhoff about the existence of diffusive orbits and related to the destruction of rotational invariant curves. The proof of (b) refers to a result of \textit{G. Forni} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 16, No. 1, 51--86 (1996; Zbl 0856.58024)] on the existence of invariant measures with positive entropy being supported in the gaps of the Aubry-Mather sets.

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