Stability analysis of traveling wave solutions for lattice reaction-diffusion equations

DOI10.3934/DCDSB.2020001MaRDI QIDQ2175677zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Cheng-Hsiung Hsu, Jian-Jhong Lin

Publication date 29 April 2020

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2020001

asymptotic behavior of solutions lattice reaction-diffusion equations traveling waves

Ordinary lattice differential equations (34A33) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Boundary value problems for functional-differential equations (34K10) Stability theory of functional-differential equations (34K20) Additive difference equations (39A10)

Review text

This interesting paper deals with the stability analysis of the traveling wave solutions of a lattice reaction-diffusion equation of the form \[ U'_{i,j}(t)=d_i[U_{i,j-1}(t)-2U_{i,j}(t)+U_{i,j+1}(t)]+f_i(U_{1,j},\dots,U_{n,j}),\tag{*} \] where \(t\geq 0\), \(i=1, 2, \dots, n\), and \(j\in\mathbb{Z}\). A solution \(U_{i,j}\) is a traveling-wave if there exist \(c>0\) and smooth functions \(\phi_1, \phi_2, \dots,\phi_n\) such that \(U_{i,j}(t)=\phi_i(j+ct),\) for all \(t, i,\) and \(j\). Such a system of functions satisfy the equations \[ c\phi'_i(\xi)=d_i[\phi_i(\xi-1)-2\phi_i(\xi)+\phi_i(\xi+1)]+f_i(\phi_1(\xi), \dots,\phi_n(\xi)). \] The most important conditions imposed to the stability problem state as follows: (A1) System \((*)\) has two homogeneous equilibria \(0 := (0,\dots,0)\) and \({\mathbf{E}} := (e_1,\dots, e_n)\) with \(e_i >0\). (A2) If \([0,{\mathbf{E}}]\) denotes the set \(\{u=(u_1, \dots,u_n) \in\mathbb{R}^n:0\leq u_i\leq e_i\}\), then it is assumed that \({\partial{f_i}(u)}/{\partial{u_k}}\geq 0\), for all \(u \in [0,{\mathbf{E}}]\) with \(i\neq k\) and \(\sum_{k=1}^n{\partial{f_i}({\mathbf{E}})}/{\partial{u_k}} <0\), for all \(i = 1,\dots,n\). Also, the authors assume that there is a constant \(c^*\) such that the system \((*)\) admits a positive traveling wave-solution \(\Phi(\xi):=(\phi_1(\xi), \dots,\phi_n(\xi))\) with wave speed \(c\geq c^*\) and satisfies \(\Phi(\xi)\leq {\mathbf{E}}\), \(\lim_{\xi\to-\infty}\Phi(\xi)=0\) and \(\lim_{\xi\to+\infty}\Phi(\xi)={\mathbf{E}}\). The main result of the paper is given in Theorem 1.1, which presents conditions guaranteeing the fact that, given a positive solution \((U_{1,j}(t), \dots, U_{n,j}(t))\) with initial value \((U_{1,j}(0), \dots, U_{n,j}(0))\in[0,{\mathbf{E}}]\), there are positive constants \(C, \mu, T\) such that \(|U_{i,j}(t)-\phi_i(j+ct)|\leq C\exp(-\mu t)\), for all \(t\geq T\), \(i=1, \dots, n\) and \(j\in\mathbb{Z}\). Section 5 is devoted to applications as a discrete \(n\)-species Lotka-Volterra cooperative model, a discrete epidemic model \((n=2)\) and a discrete 3-species Lotka-Volterra competitive model \((n=3)\).

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