Stabilized rapid oscillations in a delay equation: feedback control by a small resonant delay

DOI10.3934/DCDSS.2020068MaRDI QIDQ2180362zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors B. Fiedler, Isabelle Schneider

Publication date 13 May 2020

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.08101

zbMATH Keywords

characteristic equationlinear stabilitydelay equationPyragas controlmultiple scale expansionstabilization of periodic solutionspolynomials and exponentials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Periodic solutions to functional-differential equations (34K13) Stability theory of functional-differential equations (34K20) Control problems for functional-differential equations (34K35)

Abstract: We study scalar delay equations ${\displaystyle }$dot{x} (t) = lambda f(x(t-1)) + b^{-1} (x(t) + x(t -p/2))${\displaystyle }$ with odd nonlinearity $f$, real nonzero parameters $lambda,,b$, and two positive time delays $1,p/2$. We assume supercritical Hopf~bifurcation from $xequiv0$ in the well-understood single-delay case $b=infty$. Normalizing $f^{\prime }(0)=1$, branches of constant minimal period $p_k=2pi/omeg{a}_k$ are known to bifurcate from eigenvalues $iomeg{a}_k=i(k+frac12)pi$ at $lambd{a}_k=(-1{)}^{k+1}omeg{a}_k$, for any nonnegative integer $k$. The unstable dimension of these rapidly oscillating periodic solutions is $k$, at the local branch $k$. We obtain stabilization of such branches, for arbitrarily large unstable dimension $k$, and for, necessarily, delicately narrow regions of control amplitudes $b<0$. For $p$:= $p_k$ the branch $k$ of constant period $p_k$ persists as a solution, for any $beq0$. Indeed the delayed feedback term controlled by $b$ vanishes on branch $k$: the feedback control is noninvasive there. Following an idea of Pyragas (1992), we seek parameter regions $mathcalP=(underline{b}_k,overline{b}_k)$ of controls $beq0$ such that the branch $k$ becomes stable, locally at Hopf~bifurcation. We determine rigorous expansions for $mathcalP$ in the limit of large $k$. Our analysis is based on a 2-scale covering lift for the slow and rapid frequencies involved. These results complement earlier results by Fiedler and Oliva (2016) which required control terms ${\displaystyle }$b^{-1} (x(t-vartheta) + x(t-vartheta -p/2))${\displaystyle }$ with a third delay $vartheta$ near 1.

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