Adaptive least-squares finite element methods for linear transport equations based on an H(div) flux reformulation

DOI10.1016/J.CMA.2020.113041zbMATH Open1442.65383arXiv1807.01524OpenAlexW3016664815MaRDI QIDQ2184440FDOQ2184440

Authors: Qunjie Liu, S. Zhang 

Publication date: 28 May 2020

Published in: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we study the least-squares finite element methods (LSFEM) for the linear hyperbolic transport equations. The linear transport equation naturally allows discontinuous solutions and discontinuous inflow conditions, while the normal component of the flux across the mesh faces needs to be continuous. Traditional LSFEMs using continuous finite element approximations will introduce unnecessary extra error for discontinuous solutions and boundary conditions. In order to separate the continuity requirements, a new flux variable is introduced. With this reformulation, the continuities of the flux and the solution can be handled separately in natural $H(mboxdiv;Omega)imes{L}^2(Omega)$ conforming finite element spaces. Several variants of the methods are developed to handle the inflow boundary condition strongly or weakly. With the reformulation, the new LSFEMs can handle discontinuous solutions and boundary conditions much better than the traditional LSFEMs with continuous polynomial approximations. With least-squares functionals as a posteriori error estimators, the adaptive methods can naturally identify error sources including singularity and non-matching discontinuity. For discontinuity aligned mesh, no extra error is introduced. If an $R{T}_{0}imes{P}_0$ pair is used to approximate the flux and the solution, the new adaptive LSFEMs can approximate discontinuous solutions with almost no overshooting even when the mesh is not aligned with discontinuity. Existence and uniqueness of the solutions and a priori and a posteriori error estimates are established for the proposed methods. Extensive numerical tests are performed to show the effectiveness of the methods developed in the paper.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.01524

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zbMATH Keywords

error estimateleast-squares finite element methodlinear transport equationdiscontinuous solutionovershootingadaptive LSFEM

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Initial-boundary value problems for first-order hyperbolic systems (35L50) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30)

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• Friedrichs Learning: Weak Solutions of Partial Differential Equations via Deep Learning
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• Dual least‐squares finite element method with stabilization
• Convergence and quasi-optimality of an adaptive finite element method for nonmonotone quasi-linear elliptic problems on \(L^2\) errors
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• Least-squares ReLU neural network (LSNN) method for linear advection-reaction equation
• Least-squares methods with nonconforming finite elements for general second-order elliptic equations

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