Optimal topological generators of U(1)

Abstract: Sarnak's golden mean conjecture states that

(m + 1) d_{v} a r p h i (m) l e 1 + f r a c 2 s q r t 5

for all integers

m g e 1

, where

v a r p h i

is the golden mean and

d_{h} e t a

is the discrepancy function for

m + 1

multiples of

h e t a

modulo 1. In this paper, we characterize the set

m a t h c a l S

of values

h e t a

that share this property, as well as the set

m a t h c a l T

of those with the property for some lower bound

m g e M

. Remarkably,

m a t h c a l S e x t m o d 1

has only 16 elements, whereas

m a t h c a l T

is the set of

G L_{2} (m a t h b b Z)

-transformations of

v a r p h i

.

Review text

Let \(d_{\theta}(m)\) be a largest gap (modulo one) of \(m+1\) points \(0,\{\theta\},\{2\theta\},\ldots,\{m\theta\}\). Then it is proved that \((m+1)d_{\theta}(m)>1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\) for any sufficiently large \(m\) if and only if \(\theta\) is equivalent to the golden section. Further, assume \(D_M(\theta)=\max_{1\leq m \leq M} (m+1) d_{\theta}(m)\) and \(D(\theta)=\sup_M D_M(\theta)\). It was known previously that \(D(\theta)\geq 1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\). Now it is proved that there exist exactly 16 values \(\theta\) modulo one for which \(D(\theta)=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\). Denote the set of such values by \(S\). Then for any \(\theta_0\in S\) there are infinitely many \(M\) such that \(\theta_0\in \arg\min_{\theta\in S} D_M(\theta)\).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(1)

A proof of Sarnak's golden mean conjecture

This page was built for publication: Optimal topological generators of \(U(1)\)

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2187119)