Conformal properties of soft operators. II: Use of null-states
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Publication:2188591
Applications of group representations to physics and other areas of science (20C35) General properties and structure of real Lie groups (22E15) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) (2)-body potential quantum scattering theory (81U05) (S)-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory (81U20) Special relativity (83A05)
Abstract: Representations of the (Lorentz) conformal group with the soft operators as highest weight vectors have two universal properties, which we clearly state in this paper. Given a soft operator with a certain dimension and spin, the first property is about the existence of "(large) gauge transformation" that acts on the soft operator. The second property is the decoupling of (large) gauge-invariant null-states of the soft operators from the -matrix elements. In each case, the decoupling equation has the form of zero field-strength condition with the soft operator as the (gauge) potential. Null-state decoupling effectively reduces the number of polarisation states of the soft particle and is crucial in deriving soft-theorems from the Ward identities of asymptotic symmetries. To the best of our understanding, these properties are not directly related to the Lorentz invariance of the -matrix or the existence of asymptotic symmetries. We also verify that the results obtained from the decoupling of null-states are consistent with the leading and subleading soft-theorems with finite energy massive and massless particles in the external legs.
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