Conformal properties of soft operators. II: Use of null-states
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Publication:2188591
Applications of group representations to physics and other areas of science (20C35) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) (2)-body potential quantum scattering theory (81U05) Special relativity (83A05) General properties and structure of real Lie groups (22E15) (S)-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory (81U20)
Abstract: Representations of the (Lorentz) conformal group with the soft operators as highest weight vectors have two universal properties, which we clearly state in this paper. Given a soft operator with a certain dimension and spin, the first property is about the existence of "(large) gauge transformation" that acts on the soft operator. The second property is the decoupling of (large) gauge-invariant null-states of the soft operators from the -matrix elements. In each case, the decoupling equation has the form of zero field-strength condition with the soft operator as the (gauge) potential. Null-state decoupling effectively reduces the number of polarisation states of the soft particle and is crucial in deriving soft-theorems from the Ward identities of asymptotic symmetries. To the best of our understanding, these properties are not directly related to the Lorentz invariance of the -matrix or the existence of asymptotic symmetries. We also verify that the results obtained from the decoupling of null-states are consistent with the leading and subleading soft-theorems with finite energy massive and massless particles in the external legs.
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