New explicit Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl structures in 3-dimensions

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2020.056zbMATH Open1442.83009arXiv1906.10880OpenAlexW2955482379MaRDI QIDQ2190682FDOQ2190682

Authors: Joël Merker, Pawel Nurowski 

Publication date: 21 June 2020

Published in: SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: On a $3$D manifold, a Weyl geometry consists of pairs $(g,A)=$ (metric, $1$-form) modulo gauge $widehatg={me}^{2varphi}g$, $widehatA=A+mdvarphi$. In 1943, Cartan showed that every solution to the Einstein-Weyl equations $R_{(muu)}-frac13R{g}_{muu}=0$ comes from an appropriate $3$D leaf space quotient of a $7$D connection bundle associated with a 3${}^{mrd}$ order ODE $y^{‴}=H(x,y,y^{\prime },y^{″})$ modulo point transformations, provided $2$ among $3$ primary point invariants vanish ${\displaystyle }$ ext{W"unschmann}(H) equiv 0equiv ext{Cartan}(H). ${\displaystyle }$We find that point equivalence of a single PDE $z_y=F(x,y,z,z_x)$ with para-CR integrability $DF:=F_x+z_x{F}_{z}equiv0$ leads to a completely similar $7$D Cartan bundle and connection. Then magically, the (complicated) equation $$ becomes ${\displaystyle }$0equiv ext{Monge}(F):=9F_{pp}^2F_{ppppp}-45F_{pp}F_{ppp}F_{pppp}+40F_{ppp}^3,qquad p:=z_x, ${\displaystyle }$ whose solutions are just conics in the $p,F$-plane. As an ansatz, we take ${\displaystyle }$F(x,y,z,p):= frac{alpha(y)(z-xp)^2+�eta(y)(z-xp)p+gamma(y)(z-xp) +delta(y)p^2+varepsilon(y)p+zeta(y)}{lambda(y)(z-xp)+mu(y) p+ u(y)}, ${\displaystyle }$ with $9$ arbitrary functions $alpha,dots,u$ of $y$. This $F$ satisfies $DFequiv0equivextMonge(F)$, and we show that the condition $extCartan(H)equiv0$ passes to a certain $$ which holds for any choice of $alpha(y),dots,u(y)$. Descending to the leaf space quotient, we gain $infty$-dimensional functionally parametrized and explicit families of Einstein-Weyl structures $$ in $3$D. These structures are nontrivial in the sense that $mdAotequiv0$ and $extCotton([g])otequiv0$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.10880

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zbMATH Keywords

exterior differential systemsthird-order ordinary differential equationsCartan's method of equivalenceLorentzian metricsEinstein-Weyl structures[https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?title=+Special%3ASearch&search=W%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDnschmann+invariant&go=Go W��nschmann invariant]Monge invariantpara-CR structures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric methods in ordinary differential equations (34A26) Symmetries, invariants of ordinary differential equations (34C14) Differential invariants (local theory), geometric objects (53A55) (G)-structures (53C10) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) Exterior differential systems (Cartan theory) (58A15) Exact solutions to problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C15) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80)

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Cited In (12)

• Two dimensional Einstein-Weyl structures
• Differentiall $ {e} $-structures for equivalences of $ 2 $-nondegenerate Levi rank $ 1 $ hypersurfaces $ M_5 ⊂ \mathbb{C} $
• Intrinsic geometry of oriented congruences in three dimensions
• On three-dimensional Weyl structures with reduced holonomy
• Einstein-Weyl spaces and third-order differential equations
• On convergent Poincaré-Moser reduction for Levi degenerate embedded 5-dimensional CR manifolds
• Gauge equivalence problem on differential operators under fiber-preserving transformation
• On degenerate para-CR structures: Cartan reduction and homogeneous models
• Equivalences of PDE systems associated to degenerate para-CR structures: foundational aspects
• Five-dimensional para-CR manifolds and contact projective geometry in dimension three
• New explicit Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl structures in 3-dimensions
• On differential invariants of parabolic surfaces

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