Eventually stable quadratic polynomials over Q

zbMATH Open1446.37100arXiv1902.09220MaRDI QIDQ2190809FDOQ2190809

Moses Misplon, Wade Hindes, Rafe Jones, Michael Stoneman, David Demark, Michael Stoll

Publication date: 22 June 2020

Published in: The New York Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the number of irreducible factors (over $mathbbQ$) of the $n$th iterate of a polynomial of the form $f_r(x)=x^2+r$ for rational $r$. When the number of such factors is bounded independent of $n$, we call $f_r(x)$ extit{eventually stable} (over $mathbbQ$). Previous work of Hamblen, Jones, and Madhu shows that $f_r$ is eventually stable unless $r$ has the form $1/c$ for some integer $cotin0,-1$, in which case existing methods break down. We study this family, and prove that several conditions on $c$ of various flavors imply that all iterates of $f_{1/c}$ are irreducible. We give an algorithm that checks the latter property for all $c$ up to a large bound $B$ in time polynomial in $logB$. We find all $c$-values for which the third iterate of $f_{1/c}$ has at least four irreducible factors, and all $c$-values such that $f_{1/c}$ is irreducible but its third iterate has at least three irreducible factors. This last result requires finding all rational points on a genus-2 hyperelliptic curve for which the method of Chabauty and Coleman does not apply; we use the more recent variant known as elliptic Chabauty. Finally, we apply all these results to completely determine the number of irreducible factors of any iterate of $f_{1/c}$, for all $c$ with absolute value at most $10^9$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09220

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zbMATH Keywords

hyperelliptic curvesiterated polynomialsrational pointsirreducible polynomialsarboreal Galois representation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois theory (11R32) Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.) (11R09) Polynomials in general fields (irreducibility, etc.) (12E05) Density theorems (11R45) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Dynamical systems over global ground fields (37P15)

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Cited In (5)

• Stabilité des polynômes
• Stability of certain higher degree polynomials
• Stable polynomials over finite fields
• Current trends and open problems in arithmetic dynamics
• On stable quadratic polynomials

Uses Software

• Magma
• LMFDB

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