Nonconcavity of the spectral radius in Levinger's theorem

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2020.07.028MaRDI QIDQ2199353zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Lee Altenberg, Joel E. Cohen

Publication date 16 September 2020

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.02618

zbMATH Keywords

circuit matrixconvexitydirect sumhomotopynonuniform convergenceskew symmetric

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications of functional analysis to matrix theory (15A60) Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices (15B05) Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Numerical range, numerical radius (47A12)

Abstract: Let $$ be a nonnegative irreducible square matrix and let $$ be its spectral radius and Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue. Levinger asserted and several have proven that $$ increases over $tin[0,1/2]$ and decreases over $tin[1/2,1]$. It has further been stated that $r(t)$ is concave over $tin(0,1)$. Here we show that the latter claim is false in general through a number of counterexamples, but prove it is true for $$, weighted shift matrices (but not cyclic weighted shift matrices), tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices, and the 3-parameter Toeplitz matrices from Fiedler, but not Toeplitz matrices in general. A general characterization of the range of $t$, or the class of matrices, for which the spectral radius is concave in Levinger's homotopy remains an open problem.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}\) be the set of all \(n\times n\)-matrices whose entries are real numbers. Let \(\textbf{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}\) be a nonnegative irreducible square matrix and let \[r(t):=r((1-t)\textbf{A}+ t\textbf{A}^T)\] be the spectral radius over the convex combinations of the nonnegative matrix \(\textbf{A}\) and its transpose \(\textbf{A}^T\). In [An inequality for nonnegative matrices, Notices Am. Math. Soc. 17, 260 (1970)], \textit{B. W. Levinger} asserted that \(r(t):=r((1-t)\textbf{A}+ t\textbf{A}^T)\) increases over \(\left[0,\frac{1}{2}\right]\) and decreases over \(\left[\frac{1}{2},1\right]\). This result has been proved by several authors, together with the fact that \(r(t)\) is concave over \((0,1)\). The authors of this paper provide a number of counterexamples to show that the last claim about concavity is false in general. They prove that such a concavity claim is true for \(2\times2\) and other special families of matrices.

Recommendations

• Convexity and log convexity for the spectral radius
• On convexity properties of the spectral radius of nonnegative matrices
• Spectral Radii of Fixed Frobenius Norm Perturbations of Nonnegative Matrices
• On the spectral radius of the product of matrix exponentials
• Bounds for Levinger's function of nonnegative almost skew-symmetric matrices

Cites work

• An inequality involving positive kernels
• Fundamentals of resource allocation in wireless networks. Theory and algorithms
• Handbook of linear algebra
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3622453 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1033392 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6125590 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7175527 (Why is no real title available?)
• Numerical range of matrices and Levinger's theorem
• On analyticity of functions involving eigenvalues
• Perron roots of a convex combination of a cone preserving map and its adjoint
• Spectral Properties of Banded Toeplitz Matrices
• The Perron eigenspace of nonnegative almost skew-symmetric matrices and Levinger's transformation
• Two inequalities for the Perron root

Cited in

(5)

• Convexity and log convexity for the spectral radius
• Numerical range of matrices and Levinger's theorem
• A sharpened condition for strict log-convexity of the spectral radius via the bipartite graph
• Perron roots of a convex combination of a cone preserving map and its adjoint
• On convexity properties of the spectral radius of nonnegative matrices

This page was built for publication: Nonconcavity of the spectral radius in Levinger's theorem

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2199353)