Integrals in left coideal subalgebras and group-like projections

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Publication:2199648



Abstract: We develop a theory of right group-like projections in Hopf algebras linking them with the theory of left coideal subalgebras with two sided counital integrals. Every right group-like projection is associated with a left coideal subalgebra, maximal among the ones containing the given group-like projection as an integral, and we show that that subalgebra is finite dimensional. We observe that in a semisimple Hopf algebra H every left coideal subalgebra has an integral and we prove a 1-1 correspondence between right group-like projections and left coideal subalgebras of H. We provide a number of equivalent conditions for a right group-like projections to be left group-like projection and prove a 1-1 correspondence between semisimple left coideal subalgebras preserved by the squared antipode and two sided group-like projections. We also classify left coideal subalgebras in Taft Hopf algebras Hn2 over a field mathbbk, showing that the automorphism group splits them into - a class of cardinality |mathbbk|−1 of semisimple ones which correspond to right group-like projections which are not two sided; - finitely many semisimple singletons, each corresponding to two sided group-like projection; the number of those singletons for Hn2 is equal to the number of divisors of n; - finitely many singletons, each non-semisimple and admitting no right group-like projection; the number of those singletons for Hn2 is equal to the number of divisors of n. In particular we answer the question of Landstad and Van Daele showing that there do exist right group-like projections which are not left group-like projections.


Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebra. A right-sided group-like projection \(P\in H\) is a projection in \(H\) such that \(\Delta(P)(1\otimes P)=(1\otimes P)(P\otimes P)=P\otimes P\). Left-sided and two-sided group-like projections are defined similarly. A correspondence \(P\mapsto N_P\) between right-sided group-like projections and left coideal subalgebras of \(B\) is defined: \(N_P\) is the maximal left coideal subalgebra \(N\) containing \(P\) and such that \(Px=xP=\varepsilon(x)P\) for any \(x\in N\). It is proved that it is finite-dimensional. When \(H\) is semisimple, this correspondence is 1 to 1. Generally, it induces a 1 to 1 correspondence between two-sided group-like projections and left coideal subalgebras of \(B\) stable under the square of the antipode. Necessary and sufficient conditions for \(N_P\) to be semisimple are given. Finally, a classification of left coideal subalgebras in the Taft Hopf algebra \(H_{n^2}\) under the action of the automorphism group is given. This gives examples of right-sided group-like projections which are not two-sided, answering a question of \textit{M.B. Landstad} and \textit{A. Van Daele} [``Compact and discrete subgroups of algebraic quantum groups, Preprint, \url{arXiv:math/0702458}].











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