Fields of definition of rational curves of a given degree

rational curves has a natural Galois-module structure. We make some extremely preliminary investigations into this Galois module structure, and relate this to the deck transformations of the generic fibre of the product of the evaluation maps on the moduli space of maps. We then study the asymptotics of the number of rational points on hypersurfaces of low degree, and use this to generalise our results by replacing the projective plane by such a hypersurface.

Review text

For \(e\in\mathbb{N}\), let \(N(e)\) be the number of rational curves of degree \(e\) passing through \(3e-1\) points in general position in \({\mathbb P}^{2}(\mathbb{C})\). Kontsevich's formula, see [\textit{M. Kontsevich} and \textit{Yu. Manin}, Commun. Math. Phys. 164, No. 3, 525--562 (1994; Zbl 0853.14020); Prog. Math. 129, 335--368 (1995; Zbl 0885.14028)], permits a quick evaluation of \(N(e)\) for any \(e\). The authors of this work take an arithmetic approach and prove that the set of \((3e-1)\) - tuples of points in \({\mathbb P}^{2}(\mathbb{Q})\), such that at least one of the rational curves of degree \(e\) passing through those points is defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\), is a thin set as soon as \(e>2\). Moreover, let \[\{d, n, N\}\subseteq\mathbb{N},\;d>1,\;2^{d}(d-1)<N,\] let \( F(x)\) be a homogeneous polynomial of degree \(d, F(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\), \( x:=(x_{1},\dots,x_{N})\), and suppose that \(X: F(x)=0\) is a smooth hypersurface in \({\mathbb P}^{N}\). Let \[S:=\{P|P\in X^{n}(\mathbb{Q}),\;\text{at least one of the rational curves in}\;X(\mathbb{Q})\] \[\text{passing through}\;P\text{ is defined over}\;\mathbb{Q}\},\] \[\mathbf{M}(B):=\text{card}\;\{P|P\in X^{n}(\mathbb{Q}),\;H(P)<B\},\] and \[\mathbf{N}(B):=\text{card}\;\{P|P\in S,\;H(P)<B\},\] where \(H\) is the anticanonical height on \(X^{n}\); making use of some recent sieve estimates and the circle method, the authors prove that \[\mathbf{N}(B)\mathbf{M}(B)^{-1}=O_{F}((\log B)^{-\delta}),\;\delta>0,\] as \(B\rightarrow\infty\).

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On fields of definition of an algebraic curve

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