On the distribution of random words in a compact Lie group

Abstract: Let

G

be a compact Lie group. Suppose

g_{1}, d o t s, g_{k}

are chosen independently from the Haar measure on

G

. Let

m a t h c a l A = c u p_{i i n [k]} m a t h c a l A_{i}

, where,

m a t h c a l A_{i} := g_{i} c u p g_{i}^{- 1}

. Let

m u_{m a t h c a l A}^{e} l l

be the uniform measure over all words of length

e l l

whose alphabets belong to

m a t h c a l A

. We give probabilistic bounds on the nearness of a heat kernel smoothening of

m u_{m a t h c a l A}^{e} l l

to a constant function on

G

in

m a t h c a l L^{2} (G)

. We also give probabilistic bounds on the maximum distance of a point in

G

to the support of

m u_{m a t h c a l A}^{e} l l

. Lastly, we show that these bounds cannot in general be significantly improved by analyzing the case when

G

is the

n -

dimensional torus. The question of a spectral gap of a natural Markov operator associated with

m a t h c a l A

when

G

is

S U_{2}

was reiterated by Bourgain and Gamburd, being first raised by Lubotzky, Philips and Sarnak in 1987 and is still open. In the setting of

S U_{2}

, our results can be viewed as addressing a quantitative version of a weak variant of this question.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07146

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