Expanding Belnap: dualities for a new class of default bilattices

DOI10.1007/S00012-020-00678-2MaRDI QIDQ2200478zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andrew P. K. Craig, Brian A. Davey, Miroslav Haviar

Publication date 22 September 2020

Published in Algebra Universalis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09636

zbMATH Keywords

bilattice default bilattice multi-sorted natural duality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other algebras related to logic (03G25) Lattices and duality (06D50) Natural dualities for classes of algebras (08C20)

Abstract: Bilattices provide an algebraic tool with which to model simultaneously knowledge and truth. They were introduced by Belnap in 1977 in a paper entitled emph{How a computer should think}. Belnap argued that instead of using a logic with two values, for `true' (

t

) and `false' (

f

), a computer should use a logic with two further values, for `contradiction' (

o p

) and `no information' (

). The resulting structure is equipped with two lattice orders, a emph{knowledge order} and a emph{truth order}, and hence is called a emph{bilattice}. Prioritised default bilattices include not only values for `true' (

t_{0}

), `false' (

f_{0}

), `contradiction' and `no information', but also indexed families of default values,

t_{1}, d o t s, t_{n}

and

f_{1}, d o t s, f_{n}

, for simultaneous modelling of degrees of knowledge and truth. We focus on a new family of prioritised default bilattices:

m a t h b f J_{n}

, for

n i n o m e g a

. The bilattice

m a t h b f J_{0}

is precisely Belnap's seminal example. We address mathematical rather than logical aspects of our prioritised default bilattices. We obtain a single-sorted topological representation for the bilattices in the quasivariety

m a t h c a l J_{n}

generated by

m a t h b f J_{n}

, and separately a multi-sorted topological representation for the bilattices in the variety

m a t h c a l V_{n}

generated by

m a t h b f J_{n}

. Our results provide an interesting example where the multi-sorted duality for the variety has a simpler structure than the single-sorted duality for the quasivariety.

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