Orthogonal sequences constructed from quasi-orthogonal ultraspherical polynomials

We investigate a question raised by Mourad Ismail at OPSFA 2015 as to the nature and properties of orthogonal sequences generated by applying Wendroff's Theorem to the interlacing zeros of

C_{n - 1}^{l a m b d a} (x)

and

(x^{2} - 1) C_{n - 2}^{l a m b d a} (x)

, where

{C_{k}^{l a m b d a} (x)}_{k = 0}^{i} n f t y

is a sequence of monic ultraspherical polynomials and

- 3 / 2 < l a m b d a < - 1 / 2,

l a m b d a e q - 1.

We construct an algorithm for generating infinite monic orthogonal sequences

{D_{k}^{l a m b d a} (x)}_{k = 0}^{i} n f t y

from the two polynomials

D_{n}^{l a m b d a} (x) : = (x^{2} - 1) C_{n - 2}^{l a m b d a} (x)

and

D_{n - 1}^{l a m b d a} (x) : = C_{n - 1}^{l a m b d a} (x)

, which is applicable for each pair of fixed parameters

n, l a m b d a

in the ranges

n i n m a t h b b N, n g e q 5

and

l a m b d a > - 3 / 2

,

l a m b d a e q - 1, 0, (2 k - 1) / 2, k = 0, 1, l d o t s

. We plot and compare the zeros of

D_{m}^{l a m b d a} (x)

and

C_{m}^{l a m b d a} (x)

for several choices of

m i n m a t h b b N

and a range of values of the parameters

l a m b d a

and

n

. For

- 3 / 2 < l a m b d a < - 1,

the curves that the zeros of

D_{m}^{l a m b d a} (x)

and

C_{m}^{l a m b d a} (x)

approach are substantially different for large values of

m .

When

- 1 < l a m b d a < - 1 / 2,

the two curves have a similar shape while the curves are almost identical for

l a m b d a > - 1 / 2.

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