The second maximal groups with respect to the sum of element orders

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2020.106531MaRDI QIDQ2200952zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marcel Herzog, P. Longobardi, M. Maj

Publication date 24 September 2020

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09662

zbMATH Keywords

finite groupsgroup element orders

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic and combinatorial problems involving abstract finite groups (20D60) General structure theorems for groups (20E34)

Abstract: Denote by $G$ a finite group and let $psi(G)$ denote the sum of element orders in $G$. In 2009, H.Amiri, S.M.Jafarian Amiri and I.M.Isaacs proved that if $|G|=n$ and $G$ is non-cyclic, then $psi(G)<psi(C_n)$, where $C_n$ denotes the cyclic group of order $n$. In 2018 we proved that if $G$ is non-cyclic group of order $n$, then $psi(G)leqfrac711psi(C_n)$ and equality holds if $n=4k$ with $(k,2)=1$ and $G=(C_{2}imes{C}_2)imes{C}_k$. In this paper we proved that equality holds if and only if $n$ and $G$ are as indicated above. Moreover we proved the following generalization of this result: Theorem 4. Let $q$ be a prime and let $G$ be a non-cyclic group of order $n$, with $q$ being the least prime divisor of $n$. Then $psi(G)leqfrac((q^2-1)q+1)(q+1)q^5+1psi(C_n)$, with equality if and only if $n=q^{2}k$ with $(k,q)=1$ and $G=(C_{q}imes{C}_q)imes{C}_k$. Notice that if $q=2$, then $frac((q^2-1)q+1)(q+1)q^5+1=frac711$.

Review text

\textit{H. Amiri} et al. [Commun. Algebra 37, No. 9, 2978--2980 (2009; Zbl 1183.20022)] proved that among all finite groups of a given order \(n\), the cyclic group \(G=C_n\) has the largest sum of element orders \(\psi(G)\). The authors of this paper strengthened this to the statement that for all finite non-cyclic groups \(G\), one has \(\psi(G)\leq\frac{7}{11}\psi(C_n)\) [the authors, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 222, No. 7, 1628--1642 (2018; Zbl 1486.20030)]. They also observed that equality is achieved if \(|G|=4k\) with \(k\) odd and \(G=C_2\times C_2\times C_k\). In this paper, the authors strengthen their earlier result further by showing that if \(G\) is a finite non-cyclic group, and if \(q\) is the smallest prime divisor of \(|G|\), then \[ \psi(G)\leq\frac{((q^2-1)q+1)(q+1)}{q^5+1}\psi(C_{|G|})=f(q)\psi(C_{|G|}), \] equality being achieved if and only if \(|G|=q^2k\) with \(\operatorname{gcd}(q,k)=1\) and \(G=C_q\times C_q\times C_k\). The proof of this upper bound is by induction on the largest prime divisor \(p\) of \(|G|\). The case \(q=2\) (which comprises the induction base \(p=2\)) is the known bound from [loc. cit.]. In the induction step, the authors use the indirect assumption \(\psi(G)>f(q)\psi(C_{|G|})\) to fix an element \(x\in G\) of large order. If \(p=q\), they show that \(|G:\langle x\rangle|=q\), implying the contradictory \(\psi(G)\leq f(q)\psi(C_{|G|})\). If \(p>q\), they show that \(|G:\langle x\rangle| < p\), whence \(G\) has a normal cyclic Sylow \(p\)-subgroup \(P\), and the induction hypothesis implies \(G=P\rtimes F\) with \(F\) cyclic. Again, this allows the authors to conclude that \(\psi(G)\leq f(q)\psi(C_n)\). The proof of the nontrivial implication in the classification of finite non-cyclic groups that achieve the bound is by induction on the largest prime divisor of the group order as well, and it proceeds along similar lines. In it, the authors also make use of the classification for groups of prime power order from [\textit{R. Shen} et al., Commun. Algebra 43, No. 6, 2618--2631 (2015; Zbl 1317.20027), Lemma 4.2 and Theorem 4.4(1)] to rule out the \(q\)-groups other than \(C_q\times C_q\).

Recommendations

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Cites work

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Cited in

(26)

• Overgroups of second maximal subgroups
• A generalization of a result on the sum of element orders of a finite group
• Another criterion for solvability of finite groups
• On the average order of a finite group
• On a bound of Cocke and Venkataraman
• The sum of orders of elements in nonabelian groups of odd order
• Second maximum sum of element orders of finite nilpotent groups.
• Sums of Element Orders in Finite Groups
• Second maximum sum of element orders on finite groups.
• Sums of element orders in groups of odd order
• An answer to a conjecture on the sum of element orders
• On two conjectures about the sum of element orders
• Properties of finite groups determined by the product of their element orders
• Sums of element orders in groups of order 2m with m odd
• On groups with the second largest value of the sum of element orders.
• Sum of the products of the orders of two distinct elements in finite groups.
• A criterion for nilpotency of a finite group by the sum of element orders
• On a criterion for solvability of a finite group
• On groups with average element orders equal to the average order of the alternating group of degree 5
• Upper bounds for the product of element orders of finite groups
• An exact upper bound for the sum of powers of element orders in non-cyclic finite groups
• A result on certain sums of element orders in finite groups
• On the order sequence of a group
• On a bijection between a finite group to a non-cyclic group with divisibility of element orders
• On the sum of element orders in finite abelian groups
• Finite groups with few average orders of subgroups

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