Weak commutativity and nilpotency

as a Lie algebra, and we show that in general it cannot be reduced to a finite one. With this in hand, we study the question of nilpotency. We show that if

m a t h f r a k g

is nilpotent of class

c

, then

c h i (m a t h f r a k g)

is nilpotent of class at most

c + 2

, and this bound can improved to

c + 1

if

m a t h f r a k g

is

2

-generated or if

c

is odd. We also obtain concrete descriptions of

L (m a t h f r a k g)

(and thus of

c h i (m a t h f r a k g)

) if

m a t h f r a k g

is free nilpotent of class

2

or

3

. Finally, using methods of Gr"obner-Shirshov bases we show that the abelian ideal

R (m a t h f r a k g) = [m a t h f r a k g, [L, m a t h f r a k g^{p s i}]]

is infinite-dimensional if

m a t h f r a k g

is free of rank at least

3

.

Review text

In a preceding paper, the author generalized the weak commutativity construction from groups to Lie algebras: if \(g\) is a Lie algebra, then \(\chi(g)\) is generated by two copies \(g\) and \(g^\psi\) of \(g\), with the relations \([x,x^\psi]=0\) for any \(x\in g\). He also proved several transfer theorem for this construction (finite dimension, finite presentation, solvable and of homological type \(FP_\infty\)). The study of these objects is continued here. The ideal \(L(g)\) generated by elements \(x-x^\psi\) for \(x\in g\) is studied. A system of generators of \(L(g)\) as a Lie algebra is given from any system of generators of \(g\) and a presentation of \(L(g)\) is given from any presentation of \(g\); a noticeable fact is that this presentation is not generally finite, even if the presentation of \(g\) is. As \(\chi(g)\) is the semi-direct product of \(L(g)\) and of \(g\), it is proved that if \(g\) is nilpotent of class \(c\), then \(\chi(g)\) is nilpotent of class at most \(c+2\) if \(c\) is even and at most \(c+1\) is \(c\) is odd. Several examples are given for free nilpotent Lie algebras of a given rank and class. The ideal \(R(g)=[g,[L(g),g^\psi]]\) is then studied for homological reasons. Results are given on its dimensions and, as a corollary, it is proved that if \(g\) is a free non abelian Lie algebra of rank at least 3, then \(\chi(g)\) is of infinite cohomological dimension.

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