The Liouville theorem and linear operators satisfying the maximum principle

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2020.08.008zbMATH Open1448.35061arXiv1907.02495OpenAlexW3081303129MaRDI QIDQ2201786FDOQ2201786

Nathaël Alibaud, Jørgen Endal, Félix del Teso, Espen R. Jakobsen

Publication date: 17 September 2020

Published in: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A result by Courr`ege says that linear translation invariant operators satisfy the maximum principle if and only if they are of the form $mathcalL=mathcal{L}^{sigma,b}+mathcal{L}^{m}u$ where ${\displaystyle }$ mathcal{L}^{sigma,b}[u](x)= ext{tr}(sigma sigma^{ exttt{T}} D^2u(x))+bcdot Du(x) ${\displaystyle }$ and ${\displaystyle }$ mathcal{L}^mu[u](x)=int �ig(u(x+z)-u-zcdot Du(x) mathbf{1}_{|z| leq 1}�ig) ,mathrm{d} mu(z). ${\displaystyle }$ This class of operators coincides with the infinitesimal generators of L'evy processes in probability theory. In this paper we give a complete characterization of the translation invariant operators of this form that satisfy the Liouville theorem: Bounded solutions $u$ of $mathcalL[u]=0$ in $mathbb{R}^d$ are constant. The Liouville property is obtained as a consequence of a periodicity result that completely characterizes bounded distributional solutions of $mathcalL[u]=0$ in $mathbb{R}^d$. The proofs combine arguments from PDE and group theories. They are simple and short.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02495

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zbMATH Keywords

[https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?title=+Special%3ASearch&search=L%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDvy-Khintchine+formula&go=Go L��vy-Khintchine formula]Kronecker theorem[https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?title=+Special%3ASearch&search=courr%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDge+theorem&go=Go courr��ge theorem]nonlocal degenerate elliptic operatorspropagation of maximumsubgroups of \(\mathbb{R}^d\)

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Processes with independent increments; Lévy processes (60G51) Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Numerical methods for integral equations (65R20) Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Liouville theorems and Phragmén-Lindelöf theorems in context of PDEs (35B53) Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09)

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Cited In (12)

• Non-symmetric stable operators: regularity theory and integration by parts
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• An extension of the Liouville theorem for Fourier multipliers to sub-exponentially growing solutions
• (Non)local logistic equations with Neumann conditions
• A Liouville theorem for Lévy generators
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• A Linearization of the Circular Maximal Operator
• Livsic theorems, maximizing measures and the stable norm
• The positive maximum principle on Lie groups

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