The Liouville theorem and linear operators satisfying the maximum principle

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2020.08.008MaRDI QIDQ2201786zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nathaël Alibaud, Jørgen Endal, Espen R. Jakobsen, Félix del Teso

Publication date 17 September 2020

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02495

zbMATH Keywords

Kronecker theoremnonlocal degenerate elliptic operatorspropagation of maximumsubgroups of \(\mathbb{R}^d\)Lévy-Khintchine formulacourrège theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Processes with independent increments; Lévy processes (60G51) Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Numerical methods for integral equations (65R20) Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Liouville theorems and Phragmén-Lindelöf theorems in context of PDEs (35B53) Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09)

Abstract: A result by Courr`ege says that linear translation invariant operators satisfy the maximum principle if and only if they are of the form $mathcalL=mathcal{L}^{sigma,b}+mathcal{L}^{m}u$ where ${\displaystyle }$ mathcal{L}^{sigma,b}[u](x)= ext{tr}(sigma sigma^{ exttt{T}} D^2u(x))+bcdot Du(x) ${\displaystyle }$ and ${\displaystyle }$ mathcal{L}^mu[u](x)=int �ig(u(x+z)-u-zcdot Du(x) mathbf{1}_{|z| leq 1}�ig) ,mathrm{d} mu(z). ${\displaystyle }$ This class of operators coincides with the infinitesimal generators of L'evy processes in probability theory. In this paper we give a complete characterization of the translation invariant operators of this form that satisfy the Liouville theorem: Bounded solutions $u$ of $mathcalL[u]=0$ in $mathbb{R}^d$ are constant. The Liouville property is obtained as a consequence of a periodicity result that completely characterizes bounded distributional solutions of $mathcalL[u]=0$ in $mathbb{R}^d$. The proofs combine arguments from PDE and group theories. They are simple and short.

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(12)

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• A Linearization of the Circular Maximal Operator
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