On first order deformations of homogeneous foliations

DOI10.1016/J.BULSCI.2020.102897MaRDI QIDQ2208972zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 28 October 2020

Published in Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.08632

first-order deformations holomorphic foliations

Complex-analytic moduli problems (32G13) Complex vector fields, holomorphic foliations, (mathbb{C})-actions (32M25) Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and foliations (32S65)

Abstract: We study analytic deformations of holomorphic foliations given by homogeneous integrable one-forms in the complex affine space

m a t h b b C^{n}

. The deformation is supposed to be of first order (order one in the parameter). We also assume that the deformation is given by homogeneous polynomial one-forms. The deformation takes place in the affine space since we are not assuming that the foliations descent to the projective space. We describe the space of such deformations in three main situations: (1) the given foliation is given by the level hypersurfaces of a homogeneous polynomial. (2) the foliation is rational, ie., has a first integral of type

P^{r} / Q^{s}

for some homogeneous polynomials

P, Q

. (3) the foliation is logarithmic of a generic type. We prove that, for each class above, the first order homogeneous deformations of same degree are in the very same class. We also investigate the existence of such deformations with different degree.

Review text

The authors study first-order deformations of holomorphic foliations on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) given by homogeneous polynomial integrable one-forms. They focus on the following three cases: (a) foliations of logarithmic type, (b) foliations of rational type, and (c) foliations induced by the level hypersurfaces of a homogeneous polynomial. In particular, they prove that an integrable differential form lying on each of these families satisfies a sort of stability condition among all the affine homogeneous integrable one-forms of the same degree. In the last decades, the geometric problem of studying deformations of singular foliations has played a central role in foliation theory. The analysis of integrable differential forms that are stable under deformations on different complex algebraic varieties has been deeply developed. One important problem is to classify all possible stable families of codimension-one singular foliations on a classical projective space. These foliations can be described by homogeneous differential forms in the corresponding affine cone satisfying integrability conditions and a sort of descent condition to ensure their leaves are invariant under the action of the torus \(\mathbb{C}^*\). Stability results and first-order deformations for rational and logarithmic foliations on a projective space were described in [\textit{X. Gómez-Mont} and \textit{A. Lins Neto}, Topology 30, No. 3, 315--334 (1991; Zbl 0735.57014); \textit{O. Calvo-Andrade}, Math. Ann. 299, No. 4, 751--767 (1994; Zbl 0811.58006); \textit{F. Cukierman} et al., Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 18, No. 4, 685--715 (2009; Zbl 1208.32029); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371, No. 9, 6289--6308 (2019; Zbl 1444.37041)]. In this regard, the article under review deals with the problem of obtaining the same results without assuming that the differential forms and their first-order deformations satisfy the descent condition to the corresponding projective space. The rough idea of the proof is to apply a projectivization process described in Section 6. Let \(\omega\) be an integrable homogeneous differential one-form in \(n+1\) complex variables and \(\eta\) another homogeneous form of the same degree. Denote by \(\tilde{\omega}\) and \(\tilde{\eta}\) the corresponding projectivizations. In Lemma 6.1 and Remark 6.2 they show that \(\eta\) defines a first-order deformation of \(\omega\), that is \[ \omega \wedge d\eta + \eta \wedge d\omega =0,\] if and only \(\tilde{\eta}\) is a first-order deformation of \(\tilde{\omega}\). Using this construction, the previous results for the projective case and some other computations, Theorems 6.3, 6.4 and 9.1 state the desired stability results for homogeneous differential one-forms of type (a), (b) and (c), respectively. Finally, Section 7 contains a short digression about the problem of relative cohomology with poles, that is, a description of the solutions of the equation \[d(\tfrac{\eta}{F}) \wedge \omega =0\] for a given rational or logarithmic form \(\omega\) with integrating factor \(F\). The article is clear, readable and well written.

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