Almost automorphically and almost periodically forced circle flows of almost periodic parabolic equations on S^1

DOI10.1007/S10884-019-09786-7zbMATH Open1452.35078arXiv1507.01709OpenAlexW2970491179MaRDI QIDQ2211284FDOQ2211284

Authors: Wenxian Shen, Yi Wang, Dun Zhou 

Publication date: 11 November 2020

Published in: Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider the skew-product semiflow which is generated by a scalar reaction-diffusion equation �egin{equation*} u_{t}=u_{xx}+f(t,u,u_{x}),,,t>0,,xin S^{1}=mathbb{R}/2pi mathbb{Z}, end{equation*} where $f$ is uniformly almost periodic in $t$. The structure of the minimal set $M$ is thoroughly investigated under the assumption that the center space $V^c(M)$ associated with $M$ is no more than $2$-dimensional. Such situation naturally occurs while, for instance, $M$ is hyperbolic or uniquely ergodic. It is shown in this paper that $M$ is a $1$-cover of the hull $H(f)$ provided that $M$ is hyperbolic (equivalently, $mdim{V}^c(M)=0$). If $mdim{V}^c(M)=1$ (resp. $mdim{V}^c(M)=2$ with $mdim{V}^u(M)$ being odd), then either $M$ is an almost $1$-cover of $H(f)$ and topologically conjugate to a minimal flow in $mathbbRimesH(f)$; or $M$ can be (resp. residually) embedded into an almost periodically (resp. almost automorphically) forced circle-flow $S^{1}imesH(f)$. When $f(t,u,u_x)=f(t,u,-u_x)$ (which includes the case $f=f(t,u)$), it is proved that any minimal set $M$ is an almost $1$-cover of $H(f)$. In particular, any hyperbolic minimal set $M$ is a $1$-cover of $H(f)$. Furthermore, if $mdim{V}^c(M)=1$, then $M$ is either a $1$-cover of $H(f)$ or is topologically conjugate to a minimal flow in $mathbbRimesH(f)$. For the general spatially-dependent nonlinearity $f=f(t,x,u,u_x)$, we show that any stable or linearly stable minimal invariant set $M$ is residually embedded into $mathbb{R}^{2}imesH(f)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.01709

Recommendations

• Almost automorphically-forced flows on \(S^1\) or \(\mathbb{R}\) in one-dimensional almost periodic semilinear heat equations
• Ergodicity of minimal sets in scalar parabolic equations
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• On Minimal Sets of Scalar Parabolic Equations with Skew-Product Structures
• Structure of \(\omega\)-limit sets for almost-periodic parabolic equations on \(S^{1}\) with reflection symmetry

zbMATH Keywords

invariant manifoldsperiodic boundary conditionsminimal setszero numberFloquet bundlesnon-autonomous parabolic equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Almost and pseudo-almost periodic solutions to PDEs (35B15) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Semilinear parabolic equations (35K58) Inertial manifolds and other invariant attracting sets of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L25)

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Cited In (8)

• Almost automorphy of minimal sets for C1${C}^{1}$‐smooth strongly monotone skew‐product semiflows on Banach spaces
• Long-time behavior of almost periodically forced parabolic equations on the circle
• Dynamics of periodically forced parabolic equations on the circle
• Lifting properties of minimal sets for parabolic equations on 𝑆¹ with reflection symmetry
• Non-wandering points for autonomous/periodic parabolic equations on the circle
• Almost automorphically-forced flows on \(S^1\) or \(\mathbb{R}\) in one-dimensional almost periodic semilinear heat equations
• Asymptotic almost periodicity of scalar parabolic equations with almost periodic time dependence
• Almost periodically forced circle flows

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