On the inverses of Kasami and Bracken-Leander exponents

DOI10.1007/S10623-020-00804-0MaRDI QIDQ2211339zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Lukas Kölsch

Publication date 11 November 2020

Published in Designs, Codes and Cryptography (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12794

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic degreeAPN functionsBracken-Leander functionKasami exponentmodular inversion

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Algebraic coding theory; cryptography (number-theoretic aspects) (11T71) Cryptography (94A60)

Abstract: We explicitly determine the binary representation of the inverse of all Kasami exponents $K_r=2^{2r}-2^r+1$ modulo $2^n-1$ for all possible values of $n$ and $r$. This includes as an important special case the APN Kasami exponents with $gcd(r,n)=1$. As a corollary, we determine the algebraic degree of the inverses of the Kasami functions. In particular, we show that the inverse of an APN Kasami function on $mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ always has algebraic degree $fracn+12$ if $nequiv0pmod3$. For $notequiv0pmod3$ we prove that the algebraic degree is bounded from below by $fracn3$. We consider Kasami exponents whose inverses are quadratic exponents or Kasami exponents. We also determine the binary representation of the inverse of the Bracken-Leander exponent $B{L}_r=2^{2r}+2^r+1$ modulo $2^n-1$ where $n=4r$ and $r$ odd. We show that the algebraic degree of the inverse of the Bracken-Leander function is $fracn+22$.

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Cited in

(4)

• Explicit values of the DDT, the BCT, the FBCT, and the FBDT of the inverse, the Gold, and the Bracken-Leander S-boxes
• Two shorter proofs on the inverse and differential spectrum of Bracken-Leander exponent
• On inversion in \(\mathbb Z_{{2^n}-1}\)
• An infinite family of 0-APN monomials with two parameters

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