Statistical stability of mostly expanding diffeomorphisms

DOI10.1016/J.ANIHPC.2020.04.007MaRDI QIDQ2214928zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Martin Andersson, Carlos Vásquez

Publication date 10 December 2020

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.07970

Gibbs state Lyapunov exponents partial hyperbolicity physical measures

Smooth ergodic theory, invariant measures for smooth dynamical systems (37C40) Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated splittings (37D30) Thermodynamic formalism, variational principles, equilibrium states for dynamical systems (37D35) Stability theory for random and stochastic dynamical systems (37H30)

Abstract: We study how physical measures vary with the underlying dynamics in the open class of

C^{r}

,

r > 1

, strong partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms for which the central Lyapunov exponents of every Gibbs

u

-state is positive. If transitive, such a diffeomorphism has a unique physical measure that persists and varies continuously with the dynamics. A main ingredient in the proof is a new Pliss-like Lemma which, under the right circumstances, yields frequency of hyperbolic times close to one. Another novelty is the introduction of a new characterization of Gibbs

c u

-states. Both of these may be of independent interest. The non-transitive case is also treated: here the number of physical measures varies upper semi-continuously with the diffeomorphism, and physical measures vary continuously whenever possible.

Review text

Consider a Riemannian manifold \(M\) with the norm \(\|\cdot\|\) induced by the Riemannian metric. A diffeomorphism \(f:M\to M\) has a dominated splitting \(F\prec G\) if there is a \(Df\)-invariant decomposition \(TM=F\oplus G\) into complementary subbundles of \(TM\) of constant dimensions, and \(N\geq1\) such that \[\|Df^N|{F_x}\|\cdot\|Df^{-N}|{G_{f^N(x)}}\|<1\ \forall x\in M.\] A diffeomorphism \(f:M\to M\) is called partially hyperbolic if there exists a continuous \(Df\)-invariant splitting \[TM=E^s\oplus E^c\oplus E^u\] such that \(E^s\prec(E^c\oplus E^u)\) and \((E^s\oplus E^c)\prec E^u\) are both dominated splittings. Moreover, there exists \(N\geq1\) such that \(\|Df^N|{E^s}\|<1\) and \(\|Df^{-N}|E^u\|<1\). The physical measure is a Borel probability \(\mu\) for which the basin \[B(\mu)=\{x\in M:\ \frac{1}{n}\sum^{n-1}_{k=0}\delta_{f^k(x)}\to\mu\}\] has positive Lebesgue measure. Consider a \(C^r\) (\(r>1\)) partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism. Assume that every Gibbs \(u\)-state has positive central Lyapunov exponents. The main result is that the number of physical measures depends upper semi-continuously on the diffeomorphism and the physical measures vary continuously in the weak* topology on any \(C^r\) neighborhood of \(f\) on which the number of physical measures is constant. Among the main ingredients for the proofs are: a new Pliss-like lemma (see [\textit{V. A. Pliss}, Differ. Uravn. 8, 268--282 (1972; Zbl 0243.34077)] for the original version), and a new characterization of Gibbs \(cu\)-states, that are a nonuniform version of the Gibbs \(u\)-states.

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