Left-separating order types

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2020.107338MaRDI QIDQ2215674zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 December 2020

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09695

preservation left separated spaces left separating order type

Consistency and independence results in general topology (54A35) Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces (54F05)

Abstract: A well ordering < of a topological space X is "left-separating" if

x^{'} i n X : x^{'} < x

is closed in X for any x in X. A space is "left-separated" if it has a left-separating well-ordering. The left-separating type,

o r d_{l} (X)

, of a left-separated space X is the minimum of the order types of the left-separating well orderings of X. We prove that (1) if

k a p p a

is a regular cardinal, then for each ordinal

a l p h a < {k a p p a}^{+}

there is a

T_{2}

space

X

with

o r d_{l} (X) = k a p p a c d o t a l p h a

; (2) if

k a p p a = {l a m b d a}^{+}

and

c f (l a m b d a) = l a m b d a > o m e g a

, then for each ordinal

a l p h a < {k a p p a}^{+}

there is a 0-dimensional space

X

with

o r d_{l} (X) = k a p p a c d o t a l p h a

; (3) if

k a p p a = 2^{o m e g a}

or

, where

, then for each ordinal

a l p h a < {k a p p a}^{+}

there is a locally compact, locally countable, 0-dimensional space

X

with

o r d_{l} (X) = k a p p a c d o t a l p h a

. The union of two left-separated spaces is not necessarily left-separated. We show, however, that if X is a countably tight space,

X = Y c u p Z, o r d_{l} (Y)

,

o r d_{l} (Z) < o m e g a_{1} c d o t o m e g a

, then

X

is also left-separated and

o r d_{l} (X) l e o r d_{l} (Y) + o r d_{l} (Z)

. We prove that it is consistent that there is a first countable, 0-dimensional space X, which is not left-separated, but there is a c.c.c poset Q such that in the generic extension

V^{Q}

we have

o r d_{l} (X) = o m e g a_{1} c d o t o m e g a

. However, if

X

is a topological space and

Q

is a c.c.c poset such that in in the generic extension

V^{Q}

we have

o r d_{l} (X) < o m e g a_{1} c d o t o m e g a

then X is left-separated even in

V

.

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