Making spaces wild (simply-connected case)

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2020.107483MaRDI QIDQ2219280zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Katsuya Eda

Publication date 19 January 2021

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.01874

zbMATH Keywords

fundamental groupHawaiian earringwild space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fundamental groups and their automorphisms (group-theoretic aspects) (20F34) Topological spaces of dimension (leq 1); curves, dendrites (54F50) Homotopy groups of wedges, joins, and simple spaces (55Q20) Homotopy groups of special types (55Q70) Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Abstract: We attach copies of the circle to points of a countable dense subset $D$ of a separable metric space $X$ and construct an earring space $E(X,D)$. We show that the fundamental group of $E(X,D)$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of the Hawaiian earring group, if the space $X$ is simply-connected and locally simply-connected. In addition if the space $X$ is locally path-connected, the space $X$ can be recovered from the fundamental group of $E(X,D)$.

Review text

This paper is a continuation of a series of papers by the author of the present paper and others [\textit{K. Eda}, Topology Appl. 123, No. 3, 479--505 (2002; Zbl 1032.55013); Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 130, No. 5, 1515--1522 (2002; Zbl 0991.57003); \textit{G. Conner} and \textit{K. Eda}, Topology Appl. 146--147, 317--328 (2005; Zbl 1063.55011); \textit{K. Eda}, Comment. Math. Univ. St. Pauli 32, 131--135 (1983; Zbl 0518.20054); Fundam. Math. 209, No. 1, 27--42 (2010; Zbl 1201.55002); J. Math. Soc. Japan 63, No. 3, 769--787 (2011; Zbl 1229.55008)], in which they research the fundamental group of some wild spaces (not semi-locally simply connected) and how it can recover the space under certain conditions. In the present paper, the author considers a metric separable space \(X\) and a dense subset \(D\in X\). Then, an earring space \(E(X,D)\) is formed by attaching infinitely many copies of a circle to \(D\), making it wild. Then, the following results are obtained: 1. If \(X\) is simply-connected and locally simply-connected, then the fundamental group of \(E(X,D)\) is isomorphic to a subgroup of the Hawaiian earring group. 2. If \(X\) is also locally path-connected, \(X\) can be (topologically) recovered from the fundamental group of \(E(X,D)\). The proofs rely heavily on the investigation of the structure of the fundamental group of \(E(X,D)\), using a notion of words of infinite lenght (infinitary words). The non-simply-connected case is postponed for a different paper [\textit{K. Eda}, ``Making spaces wild (non-simply-connected case), Preprint, \url{arXiv:2001.01874}], since the structure of the fundamental group of \(E(X,D)\) becomes more complicated.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(4)

• Fundamental groups having the whole information of spaces
• Attaching to a profinite space
• One-dimensional Peano continua with zero-dimensional wild part
• Atomic property of the fundamental groups of the Hawaiian earring and wild locally path-connected spaces

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