Sharp two-sided estimate for the sum of a sine series with convex slowly varying sequence of coefficients
Let \({b}=\{b_k\}_{k=1}^\infty\) be a convex null sequence. It is slowly varying if for any \(\delta>0\), \(\lim_{k\to\infty} b_{[\delta k]}/b_k=1\), where \([t]\) is the integer part of \(t\). This paper is about finding sharp bounds for the series \(g({b},x)=\sum_{k=1}^\infty b_k \sin kx\) with \({b}\) a slowly varying convex null sequence. Such bounds were described already in [\textit{S. A. Telyakovskiĭ}, Publ. Inst. Math., Nouv. Sér. 58(72), 43--50 (1995; Zbl 0945.42004)] and [\textit{A. Yu. Popov}, Math. Notes 74, No. 6, 829--840 (2003; Zbl 1156.42303); translation from Mat. Zametki 74, No. 6, 877--888 (2003)]. These bounds are sharpened in this paper. More precisely, with \(m(x)=\pi/x\) and \(\Delta b_k=b_k-b_{k+1}\), define \(\sigma_0({b},x)=x\sum_{k=1}^{m(x)-1}\binom{k+1}{2}\Delta b_k\), then the main results of the paper are the following expressions \[\max_{{b}}\limsup_{x\to+0}\frac{g({b},x)-b_{m(x)}/x}{\sigma_0({b},x)}=1\] and \[\min_{{b}}\liminf_{x\to+0}\frac{g({b},x)-b_{m(x)}/x}{\sigma_0({b},x)}=\frac{6(\pi-1)}{\pi^3},\] where of course \(\max\) and \(\min\) are taken over all slowly varying convex null sequences.
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