New integrable two-centre problem on sphere in Dirac magnetic field
Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (symplectic geometry, Poisson geometry, etc.) (37J39) Completely integrable systems and methods of integration for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H06)
The authors consider the Euler two-center problem on the sphere \(S^2\) in the presence of a Dirac monopole with an arbitrary charge. The original Euler two-center problem in two dimensions used a Hamiltonian of the form \(H(q_1,q_2,p_1,p_2) = \frac{1}{2}(p_1^2 + p_2^2) - \frac{\mu}{r_1} - \frac{\mu}{r_2}\) where \(r_1 = \sqrt{(q_1 + c)^2 + q_2^2}\) and \(r_2 = \sqrt{(q_1 - c)^2 + q_2^2}\) are the distances between the two centers fixed at the points \((\pm c,0)\). To get to an explicit formula for the Hamiltonian, coordinates on the dual space \(e(3)^*\) of the Lie algebra of the group E\((3)\) of rigid motions of Euclidean space are introduced. The variables are \(M_i, q_i\) for \(i = 1,2,3\). The corresponding Poisson brackets are \(\{M_i, M_j\} = \epsilon_{ijk} M_k\), \(\{M_i, q_j\} = \epsilon_{ijk} q_k\), and \(\{q_i, q_j\} = 0\). The aim in this paper is to introduce a new family of integrable systems on \(e(3)^*\) with the Hamiltonian \(H = \frac{1}{2} |M|^2 - \mu \frac{|q|}{\sqrt{R(q)}}\) where \(R(q) = Aq_2^2 + Bq_1^2 + (A+B)q_3^2 - 2\sqrt{AB}|q|q_3\) that depends on real parameters \(\mu, A\), and \(B\) with \(A > B > 0\). These systems can be interpreted as the motion on the unit sphere in the external field of a Dirac magnetic monopole with very specific algebraic potentials that have two singularities of Coulomb type. The authors' main result is that the new systems are integrable in both the classical and quantum cases for all values of the parameters and all values of the magnetic charge (or for all values of the Casimir function \(C_2 = (M,q)\) ). The additional integral \(F = AM_1^2 + BM_2^2 + \frac{2\sqrt{AB}}{|q|} (M,q)M_3 - 2\mu\sqrt{AB} \frac{q_3}{\sqrt{R(q)}}\) is quadratic in \(M\) but has coefficients that depend algebraically on \(q\).
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