Polyhedral faces in Gram spectrahedra of binary forms

Abstract: We analyze both the facial structure of the Gram spectrahedron

m a t h r m G r a m (f)

and of the Hermitian Gram spectrahedron

m a t h c a l H^{s c r i p t s c r i p t s t y l e +} (f)

of a nonnegative binary form

f i n m a t h b b R [x, y]_{2 d}

. We show that if

F s u b s e t e q m a t h c a l H^{s c r i p t s c r i p t s t y l e +} (f)

is a polyhedral face of dimension

k

then

. Conversely, for all

k i n m a t h b b N

and

we show that the Hermitian Gram spectrahedron of a general positive binary form

f i n m a t h b b R [x, y]_{2 d}

with distinct roots contains a face

F

which is a

k

-simplex and whose extreme points are rank-one tensors. For all

k i n m a t h b b N

and

d g e q (k + 1)^{2}

the (symmetric) Gram spectrahedron of a general positive binary form

f i n m a t h b b R [x, y]_{2 d}

contains a polyhedral face

F

with

(m a t h r m r k (F), d i m (F)) = (2 (k + 1), k)

.

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