Fixation for two-dimensional U-Ising and U-voter dynamics

Abstract: Given a finite family

m a t h c a l U

of finite subsets of

m a t h b b Z^{d} s e t m i n u s 0

, the

m a t h c a l U

-

v o t e r d y n a m i c s

in the space of configurations

{+, -}^{m a t h b b Z^{d}}

is defined as follows: every

v i n m a t h b b Z^{d}

has an independent exponential random clock, and when the clock at

v

rings, the vertex

v

chooses

X i n m a t h c a l U

uniformly at random. If the set

v + X

is entirely in state

+

(resp.

-

), then the state of

v

updates to

+

(resp.

-

), otherwise nothing happens. The

c r i t i c a l p r o b a b i l i t y

p_{c}^{e x t v o t} (m a t h b b Z^{d}, m a t h c a l U)

for this model is the infimum over

p

such that this system almost surely fixates at

+

when the initial states for the vertices are chosen independently to be

+

with probability

p

and to be

-

with probability

1 - p

. We prove that

p_{c}^{e x t v o t} (m a t h b b Z^{d}, m a t h c a l U) < 1

for a wide class of families

m a t h c a l U

. We moreover consider the

m a t h c a l U

-Ising dynamics and show that this model also exhibits the same phase transition.

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