Multiple front standing waves in the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2021.08.005MaRDI QIDQ2232205zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Chao-Nien Chen, Éric Séré

Publication date 4 October 2021

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.01727

zbMATH Keywords

FitzHugh-Nagumo equationsHamiltonian systemLyapunov-Schmidt reductionmultibump solutionstabilitystanding wave

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) Variational methods for elliptic systems (35J50) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57)

Abstract: There have been several existence results for the standing waves of FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. Such waves are the connecting orbits of an autonomous second-order Lagrangian system and the corresponding kinetic energy is an indefinite quadratic form in the velocity terms. When the system has two stable hyperbolic equilibria, there exist two stable standing fronts, which will be used in this paper as building blocks, to construct stable standing waves with multiple fronts in case the equilibria are of saddle-focus type. The idea to prove existence is somewhat close in spirit to [Buffoni-Sere, CPAM 49, 285-305]. However several differences are required in the argument: facing a strongly indefinite functional, we need to perform a nonlo-cal Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction; in order to justify the stability of multiple front standing waves, we rely on a more precise variational characterization of such critical points. Based on this approach, both stable and unstable standing waves are established.

Review text

Consider the following system of FitzHugh-Nagumo equations \begin{gather*} \tag{1.1} u_t - d u_{xx} = f(u) - v, \\ \tag{1.2} \tau v_t - v_{xx} = u - \gamma v, \end{gather*} where \(f(\xi)=\xi(\xi-\beta)(1-\xi),\beta\in(0,\frac{1}{2})\) and \(d,\tau,\gamma\in (0,+\infty).\) The standing wave solutions of (1.1)--(1.2) are the connecting orbits of a second order Lagrangian system \begin{gather*} \tag{2.1} - d u = f(u) - v, \\ \tag{2.2} - v = u - \gamma v. \end{gather*} When the system has two stable hyperbolic equilibria, there exist two stable standing fronts, which are used by the authors in this paper as building blocks, to construct stable standing waves with multiple fronts in case the equilibria are of saddle-focus type. Facing a strongly indefinite functional, the authors need to perform a nonlocal Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. Based on this approach, both stable and unstable standing waves are found.

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Cited in

(10)

• Pinned solutions in a heterogeneous three-component FitzHugh-Nagumo model
• Localized front structures in FitzHugh-Nagumo equations
• Wave train selection by invasion fronts in the FitzHugh–Nagumo equation
• Existence of solution for a class of activator–inhibitor systems
• Planar Standing Wavefronts in the FitzHugh--Nagumo Equations
• Front propagation in both directions and coexistence of traveling fronts and pulses
• The effects of long-range interaction to wave propagation
• Co-existence of planar and non-planar traveling waves in a sharp interface model
• Bifurcation for a sharp interface generation problem
• The stable manifold of the standing wave of the Nagumo equation

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