Gravitational edge modes, coadjoint orbits, and hydrodynamics

DOI10.1007/JHEP09(2021)008zbMATH Open1472.83011arXiv2012.10367OpenAlexW3198075473MaRDI QIDQ2237553FDOQ2237553

William Donnelly, Laurent Freidel, Seyed Faroogh Moosavian, A. Speranza

Publication date: 27 October 2021

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The phase space of general relativity in a finite subregion is characterized by edge modes localized at the codimension-2 boundary, transforming under an infinite-dimensional group of symmetries. The quantization of this symmetry algebra is conjectured to be an important aspect of quantum gravity. As a step towards quantization, we derive a complete classification of the positive-area coadjoint orbits of this group for boundaries that are topologically a 2-sphere. This classification parallels Wigner's famous classification of representations of the Poincar'e group since both groups have the structure of a semidirect product. We find that the total area is a Casimir of the algebra, analogous to mass in the Poincar'e group. A further infinite family of Casimirs can be constructed from the curvature of the normal bundle of the boundary surface. These arise as invariants of the little group, which is the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms, and are the analogues of spin. Additionally, we show that the symmetry group of hydrodynamics appears as a reduction of the corner symmetries of general relativity. Coadjoint orbits of both groups are classified by the same set of invariants, and, in the case of the hydrodynamical group, the invariants are interpreted as the generalized enstrophies of the fluid.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.10367

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zbMATH Keywords

classical theories of gravityspace-time symmetriesCasimirhydrodynamical group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Infinite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics, including Virasoro, Kac-Moody, (W)-algebras and other current algebras and their representations (81R10) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Quantum hydrodynamics and relativistic hydrodynamics (76Y05) Casimir effect in quantum field theory (81T55)

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