Modular flow of excited states

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Publication:2237671

DOI10.1007/JHEP09(2021)166zbMATH Open1472.81147arXiv1811.05052MaRDI QIDQ2237671FDOQ2237671


Authors: Nima Lashkari, Hong Liu, S. Rajagopal Edit this on Wikidata


Publication date: 27 October 2021

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We develop new techniques for studying the modular and the relative modular flows of general excited states. We show that the class of states obtained by acting on the vacuum (or any cyclic and separating state) with invertible operators from the algebra of a region is dense in the Hilbert space. This enables us to express the modular and the relative modular operators, as well as the relative entropies of generic excited states in terms of the vacuum modular operator and the operator that creates the state. In particular, the modular and the relative modular flows of any state can be expanded in terms of the modular flow of operators in vacuum. We illustrate the formalism with simple examples including states close to the vacuum, and coherent and squeezed states in generalized free field theory.


Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.05052




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