Analyzing the effects of observation function selection in ensemble Kalman filtering for epidemic models
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Abstract: The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a popular sequential data assimilation method that has been increasingly used for parameter estimation and forecast prediction in epidemiological studies. The observation function plays a critical role in the EnKF framework, connecting the unknown system variables with the observed data. Key differences in observed data and modeling assumptions have led to the use of different observation functions in the epidemic modeling literature. In this work, we present a novel computational analysis demonstrating the effects of observation function selection when using the EnKF for state and parameter estimation in this setting. In examining the use of four epidemiologically-inspired observation functions of different forms in connection with the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model, we show how incorrect observation modeling assumptions (i.e., fitting incidence data with a prevalence model, or neglecting under-reporting) can lead to inaccurate filtering estimates and forecast predictions. Results demonstrate the importance of choosing an observation function that well interprets the available data on the corresponding EnKF estimates in several filtering scenarios, including state estimation with known parameters, and combined state and parameter estimation with both constant and time-varying parameters. Numerical experiments further illustrate how modifying the observation noise covariance matrix in the filter can help to account for uncertainty in the observation function in certain cases.
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Cited in
(4)- Quantitative evaluation of impacts of likelihood functions on Bayesian parametric estimation of epidemic models
- A new method for the estimation of stochastic epidemic descriptors reinforced by Kalman-based dynamic parameter estimation. Application to mpox data
- Analysis of COVID-19 in Japan with extended SEIR model and ensemble Kalman filter
- Disentangling the role of virus infectiousness and awareness-based human behavior during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union
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