Lagrangian 4-planes in holomorphic symplectic varieties of K3^[4]-type

Abstract: We classify the cohomology classes of Lagrangian 4-planes

P^{4}

in a smooth manifold

X

deformation equivalent to a Hilbert scheme of 4 points on a

K 3

surface, up to the monodromy action. Classically, the cone of effective curves on a

K 3

surface

S

is generated by nonegative classes

C

, for which

(C, C) g e q 0

, and nodal classes

C

, for which

(C, C) = - 2

; Hassett and Tschinkel conjecture that the cone of effective curves on a holomorphic symplectic variety

X

is similarly controlled by "nodal" classes

C

such that

(C, C) = - g a m m a

, for

(c d o t, c d o t)

now the Beauville-Bogomolov form, where

g a m m a

classifies the geometry of the extremal contraction associated to

C

. In particular, they conjecture that for

X

deformation equivalent to a Hilbert scheme of

n

points on a

K 3

surface, the class

C = e l l

of a line in a smooth Lagrangian

n

-plane

P^{n}

must satisfy

(e l l, e l l) = - f r a c n + 3 2

. We prove the conjecture for

n = 4

by computing the ring of monodromy invariants on

X

, and showing there is a unique monodromy orbit of Lagrangian 4-planes.

Review text

Let \(S\) be a \(K3\) surface and \((\cdot,\cdot)\) be the intersection form on \(S\). It is known that one can characterize the Mori cone of effective curves of \(S\) by means of nodal classes, i.e. effective curve classes \(C\) for which \((C,C)=-2\). With this in mind, \textit{B. Hassett} and \textit{Y. Tschinkel} [Asian J. Math. 14, No. 3, 303--322 (2010; Zbl 1216.14012)] conjectured an analogue for irreducible holomorphic symplectic varieties, i.e. they conjecture that the Mori cone of an irreducible holomorphic symplectic variety is controlled by nodal classes \(C\) such that \((C,C)=-\gamma\) where the \((\cdot, \cdot)\) is the Beauville-Bogomolov form and \(\gamma\) is related to the extremal contraction associated to \(C\). More precisely, when \(X\) is deformation-equivalent to the Hilbert scheme of \(n\) points on a \(K3\) surface \(S\), the form of the conjecture becomes: Conjecture (Hasset, Tschinkel). Let \(X\) be of \(K3^{[n]}\)-type, let \(\mathbb P^n \subset X\) a smoothly embedded Lagrangian \(n\)-plane, and \(\ell\in H^2(X;\mathbb Z)\) the class of the line in \(\mathbb P^n\). Then \((\ell,\ell) = -\frac{n+3}{2}\). The conjecture has been proven for \(n=2,3\) and the paper provides the proof for \(n=4\). The proof uses representation theory of the monodromy group of \(X\), in order to relate the intersection theory of \(X\) to that of a Hilbert scheme of 4 points on a \(K3\) surface. This also allows the authors to determine the class of the Lagrangian 4-plane classes on \(X\) of \(K3^{[4]}\)-type and show that there is a unique monodromy orbit of Lagrangian 4-planes.

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