Quantum recurrence of a subspace and operator-valued Schur functions

DOI10.1007/S00220-014-1929-9zbMATH Open1296.37014arXiv1302.7286OpenAlexW1987160642MaRDI QIDQ2249776FDOQ2249776

Jean Bourgain, L. Velázquez, F. Alberto Grünbaum, Jon Wilkening

Publication date: 3 July 2014

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A notion of monitored recurrence for discrete-time quantum processes was recently introduced in [Commun. Math. Phys., DOI 10.1007/s00220-012-1645-2] (see also arXiv:1202.3903) taking the initial state as an absorbing one. We extend this notion of monitored recurrence to absorbing subspaces of arbitrary finite dimension. The generating function approach leads to a connection with the well-known theory of operator-valued Schur functions. This is the cornerstone of a spectral characterization of subspace recurrence that generalizes some of the main results in the above mentioned paper. The spectral decomposition of the unitary step operator driving the evolution yields a spectral measure, which we project onto the subspace to obtain a new spectral measure that is purely singular iff the subspace is recurrent, and consists of a pure point spectrum with a finite number of masses precisely when all states in the subspace have a finite expected return time. This notion of subspace recurrence also links the concept of expected return time to an Aharonov-Anandan phase that, in contrast to the case of state recurrence, can be non-integer. Even more surprising is the fact that averaging such geometrical phases over the absorbing subspace yields an integer with a topological meaning, so that the averaged expected return time is always a rational number. Moreover, state recurrence can occasionally give higher return probabilities than subspace recurrence, a fact that reveals once more the counterintuitive behavior of quantum systems. All these phenomena are illustrated with explicit examples, including as a natural application the analysis of site recurrence for coined walks.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.7286

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zbMATH Keywords

generating functionrecurrenceSchur functionquantum dynamical systemsubspace recurrence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Notions of recurrence and recurrent behavior in topological dynamical systems (37B20) Infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L99)

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• An urn model for the Jacobi-Piñeiro polynomials
• A nonlinear quantum walk induced by a quantum graph with nonlinear delta potentials
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