Fixed point theorems for weakly F-contractive and strongly F-expansive mappings
Fixed point theorems for weakly \(F\)-contractive and strongly \(F\)-expansive mappings
The article deals with fixed point theory for continuous mappings in topological spaces. A mapping \(f: X \to X\) is called \textit{weakly \(F\)-contractive} if \(F(f(x),F(y)) < F(x,y)\) for all \(x,y\in X\), \(x\neq y\). Here, \(X\) is a topological space and \(F\) is a real lower semi-continuous function from above on \(X \times X\) (a function \(f: X \to {\mathbb R}\) (according to the authors) is called lower semi-continuous from above if \(f(x_0) \leq \lim_{\lambda \in \Lambda} f(x_\lambda)\) for each \(x \in X\) and any net \((x_\lambda)_{\lambda \in \Lambda}\) convergent to \(x_0\) and such that \(f(x_{\lambda_1}) \leq f(x_{\lambda_2})\) for \(\lambda_1 \preccurlyeq \lambda_2\); the corresponding definition for \(F(x,y)\) is absent). It is proved that a continuous and weakly \(F\)-contractive mapping \(f\) has a unique fixed point provided that \[ V = f(V) \cup \{x_0\}\text{ implies that \(V\) is relatively compact} \] holds for every countable subset of \(X\). A similar result for mappings with weakly \(F\)-contractive mapping is also proved. As a corollary, in ordered Banach spaces, the authors consider operators \(f\) satisfying the condition \(m(f(x) - f(y)) \preccurlyeq Am(x - y)\), where \(m\) with some natural properties maps \(X\) into a set of nonnegative elements and \(A\) is a monotone bounded linear operator such that \(\|A^kx\| < \|x\|\) for some \(k\) and all nonzero nonnegative \(x \in X\). Some fixed point theorems for strongly \(F\)-expansive operators are proved, too (an operator \(f: X \to X\) is called strongly \(F\)-expansive if \(F(f(x),f(y)) > F(x,y)\) for all \(x, y \in X\), \(x \neq y\)). The authors present some illustrative examples; among others, the equations \[ \lambda \sum_{n=1}^\infty k_n(\langle \varphi,\varphi_n \rangle)\varphi_n - \varphi = f \] are considered, where \(k_n: {\mathbb R} \to {\mathbb R}\), \(n = 1,2,\dots\), are functions from \(C^1({\mathbb R})\) with properties \(k_n(0) = 0\), \(n = 1,2,\dots\), and \(\inf_{n \in {\mathbb N}} \;\inf_{x \in {\mathbb R}} \;|k_n'(x)| \geq \kappa > 0\).
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