Quantization and clustering on Riemannian manifolds with an application to air traffic analysis

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Publication:2274972



Abstract: The goal of optimal quantization is to find the best approximation of a probability distribution by a discrete measure with finite support. When dealing with empirical distributions, this boils down to finding the best summary of the data by a smaller number of points, and automatically yields a K-means-type clustering. In this paper, we introduce Competitive Learning Riemannian Quantization (CLRQ), an online algorithm that computes the optimal summary when the data does not belong to a vector space, but rather a Riemannian manifold. We prove its convergence and show simulated examples on the sphere and the hyperbolic plane. We also provide an application to real data by using CLRQ to create summaries of images of covariance matrices estimated from air traffic images. These summaries are representative of the air traffic complexity and yield clusterings of the airspaces into zones that are homogeneous with respect to that criterion. They can then be compared using discrete optimal transport and be further used as inputs of a machine learning algorithm or as indexes in a traffic database.


In various applications in computer vision, contour analysis and other fields, signals belong not to Euclidean vector space, but rather to a Riemannian manifold. An \textit{online} quantization algorithm for big data is proposed in sense that at each step it computes as many distances as the number of desired clusters, which is a small number. It continues \textit{G. Pagès}' studies [ESAIM, Proc. Surv. 48, 29--79 (2015; Zbl 1338.60114)] developed for Euclidean vector space. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated on French air traffic analysis.



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