C^1,0 foliation theory

DOI10.2140/AGT.2019.19.2763MaRDI QIDQ2279069zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors William H. Kazez, Rachel Roberts

Publication date 12 December 2019

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03020

codimension-one foliation Denjoy blowup dimension-one foliation flow flow box decomposition holonomy measured foliation

General topology of 3-manifolds (57K30) Other geometric structures on 3-manifolds (57K35) Foliations in differential topology; geometric theory (57R30)

Abstract: Transverse one dimensional foliations play an important role in the study of codimension one foliations. In cite{KR2}, the authors introduced the notion of flow box decomposition of a 3-manifold

M

. This is a decomposition of

M

that reflects both the structure of a given codimension one foliation and that of a given transverse flow. In this paper, flow box decompositions are used to extend some classical foliation results to foliations that are not

C^{2}

. Enhancements of well-known results of Calegari on smoothing leaves, Dippolito on Denjoy blowup of leaves, and Tischler on approximations by fibrations are obtained. The methods developed are not intrinsically 3-dimensional techniques, and should generalize to prove corresponding results for codimension one foliations in

n

-dimensional manifolds.

Review text

The general goal of the paper is to prove versions of known approximation results on foliations of codimension one on \(3\)-manifolds with lower order of differentiability. Let \(\mathcal F\) be a foliation of a smooth \(3\)-manifold \(M\) (recall that any topological \(3\)-manifold has a smooth structure, which is unique up to diffeomorphisms). \(M\) may have boundary or corners; in this case, it is assumed to be sutured in the sense of Gabai. Roughly speaking, for \(k\ge l\) in \(\mathbb N\cup\{\infty\}\), the notation \(C^{k,l}\) is used to indicate that \(\mathcal F\) is tangentially \(C^k\) and transversely \(C^l\). All foliations of the paper are assumed to be at least \(C^{1,0}\); in particular, this applies to \(\mathcal F\) in the statement of the main theorems. Then \(C^0\) close foliations means that the fields of tangent planes to their leaves are \(C^0\) close. The first main theorem of the paper states that there is a small \(C^0\) isotopy of \(M\) taking \(\mathcal F\) to a \(C^{\infty,0}\) foliation that is \(C^0\) close to \(\mathcal F\). The second main theorem states that, if \(\mathcal F\) is also transversely oriented and measured (endowed with a continuous transverse measure), then there is an isotopy of \(M\) taking \(\mathcal F\) to a \(C^\infty\) measured foliation that is \(C^0\) close to \(\mathcal F\). As a corollary it follows that \(\mathcal F\) is \(C^0\) close to a smooth fibration over \(S^1\) (a version of the Tischler's theorem). The last main theorem states that \(\mathcal F\) can be arbitrarily \(C^0\) approximated by a \(C^{\infty,0}\) Denjoy blowup along any prescribed countable collection of leaves. The main tool used in the proofs is a certain kind of flow box decomposition introduced by the authors.

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