On Stein's method for multivariate self-decomposable laws

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Abstract: This work explores and develops elements of Stein's method of approximation, in the infinitely divisible setting, and its connections to functional analysis. It is mainly concerned with multivariate self-decomposable laws without finite first moment and, in particular, with alpha-stable ones, alphain(0,1]. At first, several characterizations of these laws via covariance identities are presented. In turn, these characterizations lead to integro-differential equations which are solved with the help of both semigroup and Fourier methodologies. Then, Poincar'e-type inequalities for self-decomposable laws having finite first moment are revisited. In this non-local setting, several algebraic quantities (such as the carr'e du champs and its iterates) originating in the theory of Markov diffusion operators are computed. Finally, rigidity and stability results for the Poincar'e-ratio functional of the rotationally invariant alpha-stable laws, alphain(1,2), are obtained; and as such they recover the classical Gaussian setting as alphao2.


The paper is a continuation of the authors' study on Stein's method for multivariate self-decomposable laws [Electron. J. Probab. 24, Paper No. 29, 33 p. (2019; Zbl 1466.60027)] mainly to the infinite mean case. Of particular interest are multivariate \(\alpha\)-stable laws with \(\alpha\in(0,1]\). The generator of the corresponding semigroup has a non-local part depending on the Lévy measure of the infinitely divisible self-decomposable law for which \(C^1\)-regularity is obtained using a polar decomposition of the Lévy measure. The corresponding Stein equation is solved using a combination of semigroup and Fourier analytic techniques. Based on the semigroup of non-local operators the authors further derive Poincaré-type inequalities for self-decomposable laws with finite first moment. In particular, for rotationally symmetric \(\alpha\)-stable laws with \(\alpha\in(1,2)\) the authors show that a Bakry-Émery criterion holds and obtain some quantities such as carré du champs and its iterates. Based on these, rigidity and stability results for the Poincaré-ratio functional are obtained by a spectral analysis and Dirichlet form theory.



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