A semiparametric modeling approach using Bayesian additive regression trees with an application to evaluate heterogeneous treatment effects
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Abstract: Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a flexible machine learning algorithm capable of capturing nonlinearities between an outcome and covariates and interaction among covariates. We extend BART to a semiparametric regression framework in which the conditional expectation of an outcome is a function of treatment, its effect modifiers, and confounders. The confounders, not of scientific interest, are allowed to have unspecified functional form, while treatment and other covariates that do have scientific importance are given the usual linear form from parametric regression. The result is a Bayesian semiparametric linear regression model where the posterior distribution of the parameters of the linear part can be interpreted as in parametric Bayesian regression. This is useful in situations where a subset of the variables are of substantive interest and the others are nuisance variables that we would like to control for. An example of this occurs in causal modeling with the structural mean model (SMM). Under certain causal assumptions, our method can be used as a Bayesian SMM. Our methods are demonstrated with simulation studies and an application to dataset involving adults with HIV/Hepatitis C coinfection who newly initiate antiretroviral therapy. The methods are available in an R package semibart.
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Cited in
(19)- Hierarchical Bayesian bootstrap for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation
- Bayesian additive regression trees with model trees
- A practical introduction to Bayesian estimation of causal effects: parametric and nonparametric approaches
- Estimation and Inference of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects using Random Forests
- A deep learning semiparametric regression for adjusting complex confounding structures
- Comment: Contributions of model features to BART causal inference performance using ACIC 2016 competition data
- Targeted smooth Bayesian causal forests: an analysis of heterogeneous treatment effects for simultaneous vs. interval medical abortion regimens over gestation
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- Subgroup analysis and adaptive experiments crave for debiasing
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- semibart
- Heterogeneous causal effects with imperfect compliance: a Bayesian machine learning approach
- Semiparametric Bayesian estimation for marginal parametric potential outcome modeling: application to causal inference
- Shrinkage Bayesian Causal Forests for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation
- Estimating Tree-Based Dynamic Treatment Regimes Using Observational Data with Restricted Treatment Sequences
- A semiparametric modeling approach using Bayesian additive regression trees with an application to evaluate heterogeneous treatment effects
- BART with targeted smoothing: an analysis of patient-specific stillbirth risk
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