Large odd prime power order automorphism groups of algebraic curves in any characteristic

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2019.11.018MaRDI QIDQ2285233zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Maria Montanucci, Gabor Korchmáros

Publication date 16 January 2020

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07506

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic curvesalgebraic function fieldsautomorphism groupspositive characteristic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Algebraic functions and function fields in algebraic geometry (14H05) Automorphisms of curves (14H37)

Abstract: Let $mathcalX$ be a (projective, geometrically irreducible, nonsingular) algebraic curve of genus $gge2$ defined over an algebraically closed field $mathbbK$ of odd characteristic $pge0$, and let $mAut(mathcalX)$ be the group of all automorphisms of $mathcalX$ which fix $mathbbK$ element-wise. For any a subgroup $G$ of $mAut(mathcalX)$ whose order is a power of an odd prime $d$ other than $p$, the bound proven by Zomorrodian for Riemann surfaces is $|G|leq9(g-1)$ where the extremal case can only be obtained for $d=3$. We prove Zomorrodian's result for any $mathbbK$. The essential part of our paper is devoted to extremal $3$-Zomorrodian curves $mathcalX$. Two cases are distinguished according as the quotient curve $mathcalX/Z$ for a central subgroup $Z$ of $mAut(mathcalX)$ of order $3$ is either elliptic, or not. For elliptic type extremal $3$-Zomorrodian curves $mathcalX$, we completely determine the two possibilities for the abstract structure of $G$ using deeper results on finite $3$-groups. We also show infinite families of extremal $3$-Zomorrodian curves for both types, elliptic or non-elliptic. Our paper does not adapt methods from the theory of Riemann surfaces, nevertheless it sheds a new light on the connection between Riemann surfaces and their automorphism groups.

Review text

Let \(\mathcal{X}\) be a (projective, geometrically irreducible, non-singular) algebraic curve of genus \(g \geq 2\) defined over an algebraically closed field \(K\) of characteristic \(p \geq 0\), and \(d \neq p\) and odd prime. If \(\mathcal{X}\) is a Riemann surface, \textit{R. Zomorrodian} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 288, 241--255 (1985; Zbl 0565.20029); Glasg. Math. J. 29, 237--244 (1987; Zbl 0626.20035)] proved that the size of any \(d\)-subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathcal{X})\) is upper-bounded by \(9(g-1)\), and such a bound can be attained only if \(d =3\) and \(g-1\) a power of \(3\) bigger than or equal to \(9\). The first result of this paper is to extend the Zomorrodian bound to any characteristic (Theorems 3.1 and 3.2). This paper combines deep results from group theory with classical tools from algebraic geometry and Galois Theory, chiefly the Riemann-Hurwitz formula and the Riemann-Roch Theorem. The paper is also self contained, and the necessary background is provided in Section 2. The rest of the paper is devoted to a deep study of the so-called extremal \(3\)-Zomorrodian curves, that is to say, curves defined over a field \(K\) of characteristic \(p \neq 3\) such that \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathcal{X})\) contains a \(3\)-Sylow \(3\)-subgroup \(G\) of size equal to \(9(g-1)\) with \(g = 3^h+1\). Let \(Z \leq Z(G)\) be a subgroup of order \(3\). The key observation here is that the quotient curve \(\bar{\mathcal{X}} = \mathcal{X}/Z\) is either an extremal \(3\)-Zomorrodian curve of genus \(\bar{g} = 3^{h-1}+1\) or an elliptic curve \(\mathcal{E}\) with \(j\)-invariant equal to \(0\). If the latter condition holds, \(\mathcal{X}\) is said to be of \textit{elliptic type}. The rest of the paper is devoted to the study of extremal \(3\)-Zomorrodian curves, starting from the ones of elliptic type (Sections 5-6-7) , with many deep results regarding the structure of \(G\). More in detail, \(Z(G)\) is either of order \(3\) or elementary abelian of order \(9\), and in both cases, \(G\) is completely determined in terms of generators and their relations for \(g \geq 82\) (Theorems 5.5 and 5.6). An infinite family of \(3\)-extremal Zomorrodian curves of elliptic type is provided in Section \(6\), while in Section 7 the case of low genus extremal curves (namely, \(g =10,28\)) is dealt with. Finally, Section \(8\) provides an infinite family of non-elliptic type extremal 3-Zomorrodian curves. The function field \(L\) of such a curve is obtained as the unique maximal unramified abelian \(3\)-extension of the function field \(K(x,y)\) with \( x^9+y^6+y^3 =0\), which is the function field of na elliptic type \(3\)-extremal curve of genus \(10\).

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Cited in

(7)

• Bound on the order of the decomposition groups of an algebraic curve in positive characteristic
• On nilpotent automorphism groups of function fields
• Large 2-groups of automorphisms of algebraic curves over a field of characteristic 2
• Automorphisms of order 3 and 7 over a genus 3 curve
• Algebraic curves with automorphism groups of large prime order
• Large automorphism groups of ordinary curves of even genus in odd characteristic
• Algebraic curves with a large cyclic automorphism group

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