Analysis of the rigorous coupled wave approach for s-polarized light in gratings

DOI10.1016/J.CAM.2019.112478zbMATH Open1433.78021arXiv1904.12822OpenAlexW2975043796MaRDI QIDQ2291981FDOQ2291981

Benjamin J. Civiletti, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Peter Monk

Publication date: 31 January 2020

Published in: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the convergence properties of the two-dimensional Rigorous Coupled Wave Approach (RCWA) for s-polarized monochromatic incident light. The RCWA is widely used to solve electromagnetic boundary-value problems where the relative permittivity varies periodically in one direction, i.e., scattering by a grating. This semi-analytical approach expands all the electromagnetic field phasors as well as the relative permittivity as Fourier series in the spatial variable along the direction of periodicity, and also replaces the relative permittivity with a stairstep approximation along the direction normal to the direction of periodicity. Thus, there is error due to Fourier truncation and also due to the approximation of grating permittivity. We prove that the RCWA is a Galerkin scheme, which allows us to employ techniques borrowed from the Finite Element Method to analyze the error. An essential tool is a Rellich identity that shows that certain continuous problems have unique solutions that depend continuously on the data with a continuity constant having explicit dependence on the relative permittivity. We prove that the RCWA converges with an increasing number of retained Fourier modes and with a finer approximation of the grating interfaces. Numerical results show that our convergence results for increasing the number of retained Fourier modes are seen in practice, while our estimates of convergence in slice thickness are pessimistic.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12822

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zbMATH Keywords

convergencevariational methodsRCWAgrating

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Diffraction, scattering (78A45) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N12) Error bounds for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N15) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30) Waves and radiation in optics and electromagnetic theory (78A40) Fourier series and coefficients in several variables (42B05) Finite element, Galerkin and related methods applied to problems in optics and electromagnetic theory (78M10) Variational methods applied to problems in optics and electromagnetic theory (78M30)

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Cited In (6)

• A More Efficient Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis Algorithm
• An asymptotic model based on matching far and near field expansions for thin gratings problems
• Hybridization of the rigorous coupled-wave approach with transformation optics for electromagnetic scattering by a surface-relief grating
• Analysis of the rigorous coupled wave approach for \(p\)-polarized light in gratings
• Mathematical reflections on the Fourier modal method in grating theory
• The RCWA method - A case study with open questions and perspectives of algebraic computations

Uses Software

• NGSolve
• Solcore

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