Joint distributions of permutation statistics and the parabolic cylinder functions

DOI10.1016/J.EJC.2019.103060MaRDI QIDQ2297917zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Amy M. Fu, Frank Z. K. Li

Publication date 20 February 2020

Published in European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07465

zbMATH Keywords

exterior peaksgenerating function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Calculation of integer sequences (11Y55)

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a context-free grammar $Gcolonxightarrowxy,,yightarrowzu,,zightarrowzw,,wightarrowxv,,uightarrowxy{z}^{-1}v,,vightarrow{x}^{-1}zwu$ over the variable set $V=x,y,z,w,u,v$. We use this grammar to study joint distributions of several permutation statistics related to descents, rises, peaks and valleys. By considering the pattern of an exterior peak, we introduce the exterior peaks of pattern 132 and of pattern 231. Similarly, peaks can also be classified according to their patterns. Let $D$ be the formal derivative operator with respect to the grammar $G$. By using a grammatical labeling, we show that $D^n(z)$ is the generating function of the number of permutations on $[n]=1,2,ldots,n$ with given numbers of exterior peaks of pattern 132 and of pattern 231, and proper double descents. By solving a cylinder differential equation, we obtain an explicit formula of the generating function of $D^n(z)$, which can be viewed as a unification of the results of Elizalde-Noy, Barry, Basset, Fu and Gessel. Specializations lead to the joint distributions of certain consecutive patterns in permutations, as studied by Elizalde-Noy and Kitaev. By a different labeling with respect to the same grammar $G$, we derive the joint distribution of peaks of pattern 132 and of pattern 231, double descents and double rises, with the generating function also expressed by the parabolic cylinder functions. This formula serves as a refinement of the work of Carlitz-Scoville. Furthermore, we obtain the joint distribution of exterior peaks of pattern 132 and of pattern 231 over alternating permutations.

Recommendations

• A context-free grammar for peaks and double descents of permutations
• A grammatical calculus for peaks and runs of permutations
• Context-free grammars for permutations and increasing trees
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1792574
• Joint distribution of rises and falls

Cites work

• A context-free grammar for peaks and double descents of permutations
• Consecutive patterns in permutations
• Constructing exponential Riordan arrays from their A and Z sequences
• Context-free grammars for permutations and increasing trees
• Context-free grammars, differential operators and formal power series
• Counting and Generating Permutations Using Timed Languages
• Derivative polynomials and enumeration of permutations by number of interior and left peaks
• Enumeration of permutations by rises, falls, rising maxima and falling maxima
• Generalized pattern avoidance with additional restrictions
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 41707 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3433888 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2024859 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3273551 (Why is no real title available?)
• Partially ordered generalized patterns
• The peak algebra and the descent algebras of types B and D
• William Chen grammars and derivations in trees and arborescences

Cited in

(6)

• A context-free grammar for peaks and double descents of permutations
• Jacobian elliptic functions and a family of bivariate peak polynomials
• Context-free grammars for permutations and increasing trees
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1792574 (Why is no real title available?)
• A grammatical calculus for peaks and runs of permutations
• Counting and signed counting permutations by descent-based statistics

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• OEIS
• ParabolicCylinderD

This page was built for publication: Joint distributions of permutation statistics and the parabolic cylinder functions

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2297917)