Cost, ^2-Betti numbers and the sofic entropy of some algebraic actions

DOI10.1007/S11854-020-0072-0MaRDI QIDQ2299466zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 21 February 2020

Published in Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02482

Bernoulli 2-shift free group factors group automorphisms topological sofic entropy

Ergodic theory on groups (22D40) General groups of measure-preserving transformations and dynamical systems (37A15) Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, classification in ergodic theory (37A35) Relations between ergodic theory and harmonic analysis (37A46) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Topological entropy (37B40) Dynamics induced by group actions other than (mathbb{Z}) and (mathbb{R}), and (mathbb{C}) (37C85)

Abstract: In 1987, Ornstein and Weiss discovered that the Bernoulli

2

-shift over the rank two free group factors onto the seemingly larger Bernoulli

4

-shift. With the recent creation of an entropy theory for actions of sofic groups (in particular free groups), their example shows the surprising fact that entropy can increase under factor maps. In order to better understand this phenomenon, we study a natural generalization of the Ornstein--Weiss map for countable groups. We relate the increase in entropy to the cost and to the first

e l l^{2}

-Betti number of the group. More generally, we study coboundary maps arising from simplicial actions and, under certain assumptions, relate

e l l^{2}

-Betti numbers to the failure of the Juzvinski{ui} addition formula. This work is built upon a study of entropy theory for algebraic actions. We prove that for actions on profinite groups via continuous group automorphisms, topological sofic entropy is equal to measure sofic entropy with respect to Haar measure whenever the homoclinic subgroup is dense. For algebraic actions of residually finite groups we find sufficient conditions for the sofic entropy to be equal to the supremum exponential growth rate of periodic points.

Review text

The classical theory of entropy of measure-preserving transformations of a group \(G\), or of continuous actions of a group \(G\) extended naturally from the original setting \(G=\mathbb{Z}\) to the case of \(G\) being a countable amenable group. In these developments fundamental inequalities survived, expressing the idea that the entropy of a system is at least as big as the entropy of any of its factor systems: roughly speaking, `bigger' systems cannot have less entropy than `smaller' ones. A particularly convenient class of examples which have a very straightforward relationship between (Haar) measure theoretic and topological entropy, are the actions by continuous automorphisms of a compact group. Here tools like the Yuzvinskii addition formula, showing that entropy adds over \(G\)-equivariant exact sequences of compact groups and continuous homomorphisms with closed image, give a more precise articulation of that monotonicity property of entropy. \textit{D. S. Ornstein} and \textit{B. Weiss} [J. Anal. Math. 48, 1--141 (1987; Zbl 0637.28015)], alongside their development of the Ornstein theory for actions of countable amenable groups, pointed out that the full shift with alphabet given by the group \(C_2\) with two elements over the free group \(G=F_2\), a natural example of an action of \(F_2\) by automorphisms of a compact group, factors onto the full shift with alphabet \(C_2\times C_2\). Whatever one might mean by entropy in this situation, the former system has entropy \(\log2\) while the latter factor system has entropy \(\log4\). This clear indication that entropy theory for actions of non-amenable groups could not satisfy monotonicity results about factors, nor addition formulas like the Yuzvinskii addition formula gave rise to the view that there would be no good entropy theory beyond the amenable context. New ideas were brought into the picture by \textit{L. Bowen} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 23, No. 1, 217--245 (2010; Zbl 1201.37005)], later refined by \textit{D. Kerr} and \textit{H. Li} [Invent. Math. 186, No. 3, 501--558 (2011; Zbl 1417.37041)], which showed that there was indeed an entropy theory for sofic (and thus, possibly, all) countable groups, which in particular specialized to the familiar theory for amenable groups and that it does indeed - necessarily - have surprising new features. In the present paper the factor map which increases the entropy for a free group action used to construct the example of Ornstein and Weiss is generalized, and the entropy increase is related to the concept of cost and to the first \(\ell^2\)-Betti numbers of the acting group. This relationship is also developed in the more general setting of coboundary maps arising from simplicial actions and the relationship between \(\ell^2\)-Betti numbers and the failure of the Yuzvinskii addition formula is explored. In order to do this, other more fundamental properties of the entropy theory of algebraic actions of profinite groups are developed. In particular, for this setting it is shown that the topological sofic entropy coincides with the Haar measure-theoretic sofic entropy whenever the homoclinic subgroup of the action is dense.

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