Self-adjoint indefinite Laplacians

DOI10.1007/S11854-019-0057-ZMaRDI QIDQ2299472zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Claudio Cacciapuoti, Andrea Posilicano, Konstantin Pankrashkin

Publication date 21 February 2020

Published in Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.00696

zbMATH Keywords

spectral propertiesnegative-index materialsindefinite Laplacians

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Resonance in context of PDEs (35B34) PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25) Waves and radiation in optics and electromagnetic theory (78A40)

Abstract: Let $Omeg{a}_{-}$ and $Omeg{a}_{+}$ be two bounded smooth domains in $mathbb{R}^n$, $nge2$, separated by a hypersurface $Sigma$. For $mu>0$, consider the function $h_{m}u=1_{Omeg{a}_{-}}-mu{1}_{Omeg{a}_{+}}$. We discuss self-adjoint realizations of the operator $L_{mu}=-ablacdot{h}_{m}uabla$ in $L^2(Omeg{a}_{-}cupOmeg{a}_{+})$ with the Dirichlet condition at the exterior boundary. We show that $L_{m}u$ is always essentially self-adjoint on the natural domain (corresponding to transmission-type boundary conditions at the interface $Sigma$) and study some properties of its unique self-adjoint extension $mathcal{L}_{m}u:=overline{L}_{m}u$. If $mue1$, then $mathcal{L}_{m}u$ simply coincides with $L_{m}u$ and has compact resolvent. If $n=2$, then $mathcal{L}_1$ has a non-empty essential spectrum, $sigm{a}_{m}athrmess(mathcal{L}_1)=0$. If $nge3$, the spectral properties of $mathcal{L}_1$ depend on the geometry of $Sigma$. In particular, it has compact resolvent if $Sigma$ is the union of disjoint strictly convex hypersurfaces, but can have a non-empty essential spectrum if a part of $Sigma$ is flat. Our construction features the method of boundary triplets, and the problem is reduced to finding the self-adjoint extensions of a pseudodifferential operator on $Sigma$. We discuss some links between the resulting self-adjoint operator $mathcal{L}_{m}u$ and some effects observed in negative-index materials.

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Cited in

(12)

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• Spectral analysis and domain truncation for Maxwell's equations
• Two-dimensional Dirac operators with singular interactions supported on closed curves
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