Linear independence of harmonic numbers over the field of algebraic numbers
Let \(\psi (x)=\Gamma '(x)/\Gamma(x)\) where \(\Gamma(x)\) is the gamma function. For a complex number \(r\) set \(H_r=\int_0^1\frac{1-x^r}{1-x}dx\). The authors prove: 1. If \(q>1\), \(a\in\mathbb Z\) and \(a\) does not divide \(q\) then \(H_{a/q}\) is transcendental. 2. If \(q>1\), then all the numbers \(\{ H_{a/q}; a\in\mathbb Z, (q,a)=1\}\) are distinct. 3. If \(q=2^n\), \(n\in\mathbb Z\) and \(n\geq 2\) then at most \(\psi (\psi (q))+2\) many numbers of the set \(\{ H_{a/q}; a\in\mathbb Z, 1\leq a\leq q\}\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb{\overline Q}\). 4. If \(\mathbb J\) is the finite set of odd primes such that \(\mid\mathbb J\mid =n\) and \(3\notin\mathbb J\) then at most \[3+\sum_{i=1, q_i\in\mathbb J}^n\frac 12 \psi(q_i^{m_i})\] many numbers of the set \[\{ H_1,H_{a_{j_i}/2^{e_i}q_i^{m_i}}; 1\leq a_{j_i}\leq 2^{e_i}q_i^{m_i}-1, 1\leq j_i \leq 2^{e_i}q_i^{m_i}-1, q_i\in\mathbb J, m_i\in\mathbb N, e_i\in\{ 0,1\} \}\] are linearly independent over algebraic numbers. 5. For any prime \(q\) set \(W_q=\mathbb{\overline Q}\mbox{-span of} \ \{ H_{a/q}; a\in\mathbb Z, 1\leq a\leq q\}\). Then \(\dim_{\mathbb{\overline Q}}W_q=\frac 12\psi(q)+2\). 6. For any finite set \(\mathbb I\) of odd primes such that \(\mid \mathbb I\mid =n\) set \[W_\mathbb I=\mathbb{\overline Q}\mbox{-span of} \ \{ H_{a_{j_i}/q_i}; a_{j_i}\in\mathbb Z, q_i\in\mathbb I, 1\leq a_{j_i}\leq q_i-1, 1\leq j_i\leq q_i-1\} .\] Then \(\dim_{\mathbb{\overline Q}}W_\mathbb I=2+\sum_{i=1, q_i\in\mathbb I}^n\frac 12 \psi(q_i)\).
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