The Behrens-Fisher problem with covariates and baseline adjustments

DOI10.1007/S00184-019-00729-2zbMATH Open1436.62322OpenAlexW2963635442WikidataQ127490029 ScholiaQ127490029MaRDI QIDQ2303752FDOQ2303752

Authors Cong Cao, Markus Pauly, F. Konietschke

Publication date 5 March 2020

Published in Metrika (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.08986

zbMATH Keywords

heteroscedasticitysemiparametric methodsnon-normalityANCOVA designs

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonparametric hypothesis testing (62G10) Linear regression; mixed models (62J05)

Abstract: The Welch-Satterthwaite t-test is one of the most prominent and often used statistical inference method in applications. The method is, however, not flexible with respect to adjustments for baseline values or other covariates, which may impact the response variable. Existing analysis of covariance methods are typically based on the assumption of equal variances across the groups. This assumption is hard to justify in real data applications and the methods tend to not control the type-1 error rate satisfactorily under variance heteroscedasticity. In the present paper, we tackle this problem and develop unbiased variance estimators of group specific variances, and especially of the variance of the estimated adjusted treatment effect in a general analysis of covariance model. These results are used to generalize the Welch-Satterthwaite t-test to covariates adjustments. Extensive simulation studies show that the method accurately controls the nominal type-1 error rate, even for very small sample sizes, moderately skewed distributions and under variance heteroscedasticity. A real data set motivates and illustrates the application of the proposed methods.

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Cited in

(1)

• Analysis of covariance under variance heteroscedasticity in general factorial designs

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