Zariski-van Kampen theorems for singular varieties -- an approach via the relative monodromy variation

DOI10.2996/KMJ/1552982507MaRDI QIDQ2312751zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors C. Eyral, Peter Petrov

Publication date 17 July 2019

Published in Kodai Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01427, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.kmj/1552982507

zbMATH Keywords

fundamental grouppencil of hyperplane sectionsrelative looprelative monodromy variationsingular (quasi-projective) variety

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Structure of families (Picard-Lefschetz, monodromy, etc.) (14D05) Homotopy theory and fundamental groups in algebraic geometry (14F35) Topological aspects of complex singularities: Lefschetz theorems, topological classification, invariants (32S50)

Abstract: The classical Zariski-van Kampen theorem gives a presentation of the fundamental group of the complement of a complex algebraic curve in $mathbb{P}^2$. The first generalization of this theorem to singular (quasi-projective) varieties was given by the first author. In both cases, the relations are generated by the standard monodromy variation operators associated with the special members of a generic pencil of hyperplane sections. In the present paper, we give a new generalization in which the relations are generated by the relative monodromy variation operators introduced by D. Ch'eniot and the first author. The advantage of using the relative operators is not only to cover a larger class of varieties but also to unify the Zariski-van Kampen type theorems for the fundamental group and for higher homotopy groups. In the special case of non-singular varieties, the main result of this paper was conjectured by D. Ch'eniot and the first author.

Review text

Let \(X\subseteq\mathbb{P}^n\) be a quasi-projective variety and \(L\subseteq\mathbb{P}^n\) a general hyperplane such that the pair \(\left(X,X\cap L\right)\) is \(1\)-connected. The main goal of the present paper is to understand the kernel of the surjective map \[\pi_1\left(X\cap L\right)\twoheadrightarrow\pi_1\left(X\right),\] generalizing the Zariski-van Kampen theorem for \(X=\mathbb{P}^2\setminus C\) the complement of a plane algebraic curve, as well as some previous generalizations of the first author to certain singular varieties [\textit{C. Eyral}, Topology 43, No. 4, 749--764 (2004; Zbl 1060.14030)]. These previous results show that the kernel is generated by the images of certain standard monodromy operators \[\pi_1\left(X\cap L\right)\stackrel{\cong}{\rightarrow}\pi_1\left(X\cap L\right)\] associated to a general pencil \(\Pi=\left\{L_{\lambda}\right\}_{\lambda\in\mathbb{P}^1}\) of hyperplanes containing \(L\) such that the base locus \(\Pi_0\) of \(\Pi\) does not intersect \(X\). The generalizations in this paper allow to handle the case \(\Pi_0\cap X\neq\emptyset\) by considering the \textbf{relative} monodromy operators, already introduced by the first author and \textit{D. Chéniot} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, No. 1, 1--10 (2006; Zbl 1086.14015)], which are induced by isotopies fixing the set \(\Pi_0\cap X\) pointwise. The main result of the paper is Theorem 3.6, which states that for possibly singular \(X\) and a general pencil \(\Pi\) satisfying certain technical conditions, the kernel is indeed generated by the images of the relative monodromy operators. The case of smooth \(X\) is handled in Theorem 3.5, and actually follows from Theorem 3.6, assuming that all components of \(X\) have dimension at least \(2\).

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Cited in

(5)

• Fundamental groups of singular quasi-projective varieties
• GENERALIZED ZARISKI–VAN KAMPEN THEOREM AND ITS APPLICATION TO GRASSMANNIAN DUAL VARIETIES
• ZARISKI–VAN KAMPEN THEOREM FOR HIGHER-HOMOTOPY GROUPS
• On the Zariski-van Kampen Theorem
• Zariski-van Kampen method and transcendental lattices of certain singular K3 surfaces

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