The Morse property for functions of Kirchhoff-Routh path type

DOI10.3934/DCDSS.2019123MaRDI QIDQ2321746zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Thomas J. Bartsch, Anna Maria Micheletti, Angela Pistoia

Publication date 23 August 2019

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09315

zbMATH Keywords

Kirchhoff-Routh path functionMorse functiontransversality theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Green's functions for elliptic equations (35J08) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Euler equations (35Q31) Vortex flows for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B47)

Abstract: For a bounded domain $Omegasubsetmathbb{R}^n$ let $H_{O}mega:OmegaimesOmegaomathbbR$ be the regular part of the Dirichlet Green function for the Laplace operator. Given a fixed arbitrary ${mathcalC}^2$ function $f:mathcalDomathbbR$, defined on an open subset $mathcalDsubsetmathbb{R}^{nN}$, and fixed coefficients $lambd{a}_1,dots,lambd{a}_{N}inmathbbRsetminus0$ we consider the function $f_{O}mega:mathcalDcapOmeg{a}^{N}omathbbR$ defined as [ f_Omega(x_1,dots,x_N) = f(x_1,dots,x_N) - sum_{j,k=1}^N lambda_jlambda_k H_Omega(x_j,x_k). ] We prove that $f_{O}mega$ is a Morse function for most domains $Omega$ of class ${mathcalC}^{m+2,alpha}$, any $mge0$, $0<alpha<1$. This applies in particular to the Robin function $h:OmegaomathbbR$, $h(x)=H_{O}mega(x,x)$, and to the Kirchhoff-Routh path function where $Omegasubsetmathbb{R}^2$, $$x_j

e x_k$for$j e k$$, and [ f(x_1,dots,x_N) = - frac{1}{2pi}sum_{genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{j,k=1}{j

e k}}^Nlambda_jlambda_klog|x_j-x_k|. ]

Review text

This article discusses Morse property for functions \[ f_\Omega(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_N)=f(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_N)-\sum_{j,k=1}^N\lambda_j\lambda_kH_\Omega(x_j,x_k), \] where \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) is a bounded domain, \(f\) is a \(C^2\) function defined on a domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{nN}\) and \(H_\Omega\) is the regular part of the Green function on \(\Omega\) object to the Dirichlet condition. The authors establish that for generic domains \(\Omega\), the function \(f_\Omega\) is a Morse function, in the sense that all of its critical points are non-degenerate.

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Cited in

(15)

• The \(n\)-vortex problem on a Riemann sphere
• Non-degeneracy and local uniqueness of positive solutions to the Lane-Emden problem in dimension two
• Concentrated solutions for a critical elliptic equation
• Non-uniqueness of blowing-up solutions to the Gelfand problem
• Stability of periodic solutions of the \(N\)-vortex problem in general domains
• Local uniqueness for vortex patch problem in incompressible planar steady flow
• The number of positive solutions to the Brezis-Nirenberg problem
• Existence of stationary vortex sheets for the 2D incompressible Euler equation
• Uniqueness, multiplicity and nondegeneracy of positive solutions to the Lane-Emden problem
• The Morse property of limit functions appearing in mean field equations on surfaces with boundary
• New sign-changing solutions for the 2D Lane-Emden problem with large exponents
• Sharp estimates and non-degeneracy of low energy nodal solutions for the Lane-Emden equation in dimension two
• A Brezis and Peletier type result for the fractional Robin function
• New solutions for the Lane-Emden problem in planar domains
• On the 3-D Brezis-Nirenberg problem with small parameter

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