Smooth approximations without critical points of continuous mappings between Banach spaces, and diffeomorphic extractions of sets

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2019.106756MaRDI QIDQ2324591zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Daniel Azagra, Tadeusz Dobrowolski, Miguel García-Bravo

Publication date 11 September 2019

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07587

zbMATH Keywords

approximationBanach spacecritical pointdiffeomorphic extractionMorse-Sard theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuous and differentiable maps in nonlinear functional analysis (46T20) Differentiability questions for infinite-dimensional manifolds (58B10)

Abstract: Let $E$, $F$ be separable Hilbert spaces, and assume that $E$ is infinite-dimensional. We show that for every continuous mapping $f:EoF$ and every continuous function $varepsilon:Eo(0,infty)$ there exists a $C^{infty}$ mapping $g:EoF$ such that $|f(x)-g(x)|leqvarepsilon(x)$ and $Dg(x):EoF$ is a surjective linear operator for every $xinE$. We also provide a version of this result where $E$ can be replaced with a Banach space from a large class (including all the classical spaces with smooth norms, such as $c_0$, $el{l}_p$ or $L^p$, $1<p<infty$), and $F$ can be taken to be any Banach space such that there exists a bounded linear operator from $E$ onto $F$. In particular, for such $E,F$, every continuous mapping $f:EoF$ can be uniformly approximated by smooth open mappings. Part of the proof provides results of independent interest that improve some known theorems about diffeomorphic extractions of closed sets from Banach spaces or Hilbert manifolds.

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(6)

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• Spaces of generalized smoothness in the critical case: optimal embeddings, continuity envelopes and approximation numbers
• Approximation by smooth functions with no critical points on separable Banach spaces

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